black codes during reconstruction

• Roncarelli's green card: the role of citizenship in Randian constitutionalism.

... that was prominent among Canadian jurists during the twentieth century. The author argues that the ... court for his freedom, because he was black and therefore not a "citizen" within the original ... the city of Washington during Reconstruction. Republican politicians recognized that they had a... 1865, southern states began replacing slave codes with so-called "black codes", which imposed second...

• McGill Law Journal
• Vol. 55 Nbr. 3, September 2010

• Memory for Object Location: A Span Study in Children

The aim of the present study was to analyze the developmental changes in three spatial processes, namely, in positional reconstruction involving the retention of spatial locations per se (Positional encoding task), in the assignment of objects to positions (Object-to-position assignment task), and in the integration of these two (Combined task). A span procedure was used to assess the development of spatial memory in children aged 6, 8, and 10 years tested in these three tasks. The findings of the present study provide developmental spans for each relocation task. Results show an age-dependent improvement in all tasks, suggesting that spatial position is not automatically encoded. The results also show different developmental patterns for the relocation tasks considered, suggesting that...

... In the position condition, the stimuli were black paper cards. In the object-toposition and combined...An interval of approximately 4 s followed during which children had again their backs turned and th... encoding task they can rely only on visual codes. Further, it is interesting to note that in the 6-...

• Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology
• Vol. 61 Nbr. 1, March 2007