In the second half of the last century, Canada's northern region experienced de-securitization due to the area's sheer size and Ottawa's willingness to transfer many aspects of North American defence to Washington. The opening of the Northwest Passage will negate the U.S. strategic advantage afforded by its control of military vessels through the Panama Canal -- unless the U.S. firmly asserts itself in Canadian waters. America's competitors may pre-empt such a move by deploying vessels themselves. Currently, the Northwest Passage's legal status is contested. The U.S. and the European Union view the passage as an international strait open to all. In Canada's view, the passage lies within its territorial or internal waters.
... Hungary -- Whether Minister of Justice had legal authority to surrender for extradition refugees whhose refugee status had not ceased or been revoked -- If so, whether M... is inspired by the provisions in the European Convention on Extradition and the United Nations' ...
... internationalism and middle power status and a phasing in of the ideas tied to continentali... climate conditions, and defined by European explorers and North American settlers as a geograp... interpretations of the international legal status of the Passage. Fourth, In 1985, an America...
... accepted idea that an official language, legal framework, and territorial unity are not sufficien... Canada, Australia, and several European countries, including England. We can define these ...-established minorities can also hold the status of foundational cultures. In Quebec, examples incl...
...It results from specific political, legal, geographic, or historic conditions that have to b... are typologies of regional conflicts--status, border, control, or sovereignty--each conflict is... partitioning of the Arctic Ocean, the European Union and a number of academic authors have argued...
...No longer concerned solely with European security, NATO is now an alliance with an increasi... was a clear linkage between partnership status and prospective membership, the Mediterranean Dial... to the prevailing political, economic and legal institutions and practice within the constituent u...
... important implications for international legal and political systems. . As developments in the Ar...It made EU observer status one of the objectives of its Arctic strategy. (19)...
Canadian policy makers have repeatedly emphasized improving relations with Brazil as a strategic objective in the Americas. Given past failures to cooperate, this objective may be difficult to realize. We argue that one of the reasons for this unrealized relationship between Canada and Brazil within hemispheric institutions is different national approaches to the role and purpose of multilateralism. This argument is advanced through an analysis of national interpretations of each country's engagement with multilateralism, drawing on the local literatures. The paper concludes with a discussion of the prospects and limits of future multilateral cooperation between the two countries, drawing on examples from the Inter-American System.
...-cited distinction between revisionist and status quo powers, as well as the distinction between a v... [multilateralism], pacifism, and legalism (Lessa, 1998; Souto, 2005). For the purposes of th... that the defence of the continent from European influence should henceforth be exercised by all th...
Marrying a non-Indian meant that Two-Axe [Edward Earley] lost her Indian status, under provisions of the Indian Act passed in 1876. While the Aboriginal people themselves had not previously regarded women as second-class citizens, the law reflected the Victorian European notion that women were legally the possessions of their husbands. Losing her status rights meant that Two-Axe Earley could not live on the reserve where she was born, own land there, participate in the band's political life, vote in its elections, or be buried on the reserve. At the time, all this was of little concern to Two-Axe Earley. "Who thought about status? We were in love," she told The Gazette in a 1990 interview. The circumstances of her friend's death and her resulting anger were likely the major reasons Two-...
In addition, pigeons have a history of carrying messages that dates to the time of Decimus Brutus who, in 44 BC, sent dispatches "to the consul's camp tied to their feet," according to [Pliny]. In the First World War, "carrier" pigeons were regularly used to send information among military officials; in the Second World War, homing pigeons were used extensively with the Confidential Pigeon Service, which carried vital messages in Europe for intelligence purposes. In 1850, pigeons were used to deliver news between several European cities, and in Australia, the Great Barrier Pigeon-Gram Service carried messages in remote regions from 1898 to 1908. Erroneously, domestic show and performance pigeons are often linked with feral urban pigeons on the unwarranted belief feral pigeons are escape...
...Feral urban pigeons have a unique legal status that dates back almost 2,000 years. Accordi...
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