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... from posted collateral or from its own capital, it can pay out $1+x to B which I have assumed to ...The Structure of the Short-term Financing Market . Markets where...First, institutional investors perceive Canadian banks as extremely saf...
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..., Canadian issuers lower their cost of capital and eliminate foreign exchange risk. The growth of... higher up the corporate capital structure. High yield debt answers the demand for yield by t... funds while maintaining strong institutional demand. These factors have resulted in more buyers...
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As China and other countries seek to decentralize the financial practices of their sub-national governments, designing relevant institutions and rules looms as a major policy issue. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the capital market behaviour of Canadian provincial and municipal governments (PMGs), given their financing choices, and to draw relevant comparisons to American state and local government (SLG) debt financing practices. After identifying relevant elements of the federalism structure in the two countries, the paper compares the institutional rules and roles that comprise the capital acquisition behaviour of sub-national borrowers. The paper concludes by highlighting key points of difference in this important area of fiscal federalism. Both Canada and the United States ...
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... in clear cases where the government institutional head, reviewing all the relevant evidence, conclud...As for the formatting and structure of the new drug submissions, they do not qualify f...116; Canada Post Corp. v. National Capital Commission, 2002 FCT 700, 221 F.T.R. 56; Aventis P...In order to get approval to market new drugs, innovator pharmaceutical companies, suc...
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China has become the driving engine for the world economy and presents many opportunities for foreign firms. Although much research effort has been devoted to studying strategic management in Chinese organisations, China is still one of the least studied countries. This paper takes a new approach - complexity view - to examining the strategic management in Chinese organisations. It aims to explain why Chinese managers behave differently to their Western counterparts. To do so, literature on the complexity studies is firstly reviewed and synthesised. This paper then examines how institutional and cultural settings and Chinese history influence the strategic management in Chinese organisations. Finally, several managerial implications based on the results of this paper are suggested.
... economic growth, coupled with the huge market potential due to its population, its accession to ...For example, Shoudu (Capital) Iron and Steel Company announced in January 2008 ... the foci are on the organisational structure and decision-making processes for complex issues. ...
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..., provided that they are adequately capitalized, prudently managed and regulated, and able to acce... became significant and persistent institutional features of the mortgage lending, insurance and se...One common structured securitized product is a financial instrument comp...
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... will depend much less on the origin and structure of a conflict than on how its salience is judged b... to prefer multifunctional, multi-institutional, and cross-sectoral solutions that promise more eq... attract sufficient attention in either capital to warrant the effort. . Because of the area's ric... trade agreement, to create a common energy market. (15) In a more limited joint scheme, the income f...
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... common share equity in their capital structure and impose more deductions in the calculation of w... tier 1 capital were purchased by institutional investors, particularly tax-exempt pension funds. ...
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Current studies on social capital are both broad and in-depth in terms of contents and forms as well. The structure among various forms, however, seems to be a sort of in disorder, without establishing a institution with a relatively clear dividing line. This paper believes that social capital doesn't include microscopic forms of trust, norm, and network, etc only. We, through in-depth studies from macro-structure aspect, could discover that social capital in fact exists in three broader fields of social institution, social relations, and social order. Social institution, social relations, and social order are essentially the initial state of social capital. Every specific form of social capital is unexceptionally the result of interrelation and interaction among these three. Every sing...
..."New Institutional Economics believes that institution is the rules o...Laws, in people's social contacts and market operation, just safeguard people to behave as cust...
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This paper provides further evidence on the value premium using Canadian data from 1985-2005 and a search process involving both price to earnings (P/E) and price to book value (P/BV) ratios. The study documents a consistently strong value premium over the sample period, which persisted in both bull and bear markets, as well as in recessions and recoveries. Moreover, the paper shows that a P/E based search process did a better job of identifying value stocks and arriving at more consistent and sizeable value premium than did a search process based on P/BVs.
...), which cast doubt on the validity of the Capital Asset Pricing Model by showing that the P/BV ratio...This signifies that the different structure and composition of the Canadian markets have had n... implies less desire to own by large institutional investors and hence possible mispricing. Empirical...