The authors used a cognitive load manipulation (rehearsing a string of digits during the trial) to test the automaticity of (a) masked repetition priming and (b) the masked repetition proportion (RP) effect (i.e., greater priming when the proportion of repetition-prime trials is higher) in the lexical decision task. The RP (.2 vs. .8) was varied across blocks. Masked priming was not reduced under load compared with a no-load group. Surprisingly, only the load group showed an RP effect in response latencies, although the no-load group showed an RP effect in the error rates. Our results show that masked priming is automatic, yet the influence of masked primes can nonetheless be adjusted at an unconscious level. Implications for accounts of masked priming are discussed. The authors used a...
There has been controversy on whether working memory (WM) contents automatically guide attention. The present study tried to replicate the effect of WM-based attentional capture using an adaption of Downing's (2000) paradigm, in which WM and attentional capture were combined. Subjects were presented with an attention display containing two objects, one of which could be precued by a matching item being held in WM. As measured by a probe discrimination task, the memory-matching object had a privileged status to capture attention regardless of the stimulus onset asynchronies between the memory cue and the attention display, even when there was absolutely no benefit for subjects to bias attention in favour of the memory match. These results suggest that WM contents guide attention in an in...
... colour of the memory cue on half of the trials, and there was no match between the memory and sea...
...Judges presiding at criminal trials cannot order disclosure to an accused of the withh...
We examined the processing locus (location vs. response) of location repetition effects in terms of the event [target (t) or distractor (d)] that initially occupied and then re-occupied the repeated location (i.e., t-to-t, t-to-d, d-to-t, d-to-d). Trials were presented in pairs (prime, then probe) and 2:1 location-to-response mappings were used. Generally, for all repetition conditions, perceptual processing at the repeated location itself was facilitated (location locus), while re-activated responses delayed output production (response locus). More specifically, perceptual facilitation observed for a repeated location was independent of the kind of processing (i.e., t or d) that occurred earlier, suggesting that it is not the labeling of locations as relevant or irrelevant that determi...
... continued until 18 consecutive correct trials, or 180 total trials, had been administered. The p...
...686(1)(a)(i) inquiry in judge-alone trials, the reviewing court should first apply the Yebes/...
A second purpose of the current study was to extend the claim that both SS and RR effects are involved in the [Stroop] task by including a new manipulation that can demonstrate RR effects in the absence of SS effects. Manipulations of this type have been successfully performed elsewhere (De Jong, Liang, & Lauber, 1994; [Kornblum, Stevens] et al., 1999; Zhang & Komblum, 1998). [Zhang] and Kornblum presented distracter words both above and below a middle target word. The targets and distracters could be selected from one of two stimulus sets, either colour names or digits. In some blocks, participants gave a mediated verbal response, saying an assigned word from one stimulus set (e.g., digit names) in response to a target from the opposite stimulus set (e.g., colour names). For ex...
...)· Faster processing of SS-compatible trials over SS-incompatible trials would indicate that in...
In this study we investigated in a Simon-like task whether task-irrelevant spatial information, delivered by centrally presented patterns, interfered with response selection in the same way as laterally presented stimuli. Second, we asked whether such interference was equal for different kinds of stimuli. Participants were required to respond to the colour of two framed squares, two arrows, or two schematic eyes by pressing one of two lateralized response keys. The results consistently show that the Simon effect occurs independently of the nature of the stimulus, as classically reported for lateralized stimuli. Response times were influenced by the direction and frame-relative position of the stimuli, being faster for responses corresponding to the direction indicated by the stimuli tha...
... between corresponding and noncorresponding trials, Zorzi et al. and Ansorge found an interference ef...
Certains chapitres se positionnent d'une façon assez épistémologique et présentent des enjeux connus sans innover beaucoup, encore qu'il semble que l'argumentaire des praticiens qui s'opposent à toute recherche empirique, voire à tout regard externe sur la psychothérapie, semblent avoir peu évolué, les mêmes formulations sur la nature unique de l'expérience psychothérapique étant remises en scène à peu près dans les mêmes habits. D'autres chapitres, comme ceux de Thurin, Thurin et Thurin, Robert, Despland et de Roten, et Baruch, semblent plus au fait de la recherche actuelle et passée, et offrent une réflexion qui nous a semblé plus riche, mieux informée et plus équilibrée. Les chapitres de Thurin et de Robert constituent même, selon nous, une bonne porte d'entrée à qui veut s'intéresse...
... et même des randomized controlled trials, qui sont d'ailleurs devenus à tort le seul stand...
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