Animal Alliance of Canada et al. v. Canada (Attorney General) et al., (1999) 168 F.T.R. 114 (TD)
Judge | Gibson, J. |
Court | Federal Court (Canada) |
Case Date | April 14, 1999 |
Jurisdiction | Canada (Federal) |
Citations | (1999), 168 F.T.R. 114 (TD) |
Animal Alliance of Can. v. Can. (A.G.) (1999), 168 F.T.R. 114 (TD)
MLB headnote and full text
Temp. Cite: [1999] F.T.R. TBEd. MY.150
Animal Alliance of Canada, Animal Protection Institute, Canadian Environmental Defence Fund, Dene Nation and Zoocheck Canada Inc. (applicants) v. The Attorney General of Canada and the Minister of the Environment (respondents)
(T-374-99)
Indexed As: Animal Alliance of Canada et al. v. Canada (Attorney General) et al.
Federal Court of Canada
Trial Division
Gibson, J.
May 13, 1999.
Summary:
In 1999, the federal government amended the Migratory Birds Regulations in an attempt to control the problem of an exponential growth in the Snow Geese population. The amended Regulations established a special hunting season to permit the killing of Snow Geese, Ross Geese and other species not easily distinguishable from the two types of geese. The applicants sought judicial review, submitting that the amended Regulations were, inter alia, ultra vires and infringed aboriginal rights contrary to s. 35(1) of the Constitution Act, 1982.
The Federal Court of Canada, Trial Division, held that the amended Regulations were ultra vires only so far as they purported to authorize the killing of Ross Geese and other species not easily distinguishable from Snow Geese. The amended Regulations were intra vires respecting Snow Geese and were not proved to violate s. 35(1).
Administrative Law - Topic 2267
Natural justice - The duty of fairness - Reasonable expectation or legitimate expectation - In 1999, the federal government amended the Migratory Birds Regulations in an attempt to control the problem of an exponential growth in the Snow Geese population - The amended Regulations established a special hunting season to permit the killing of Snow Geese, Ross Geese and other species not easily distinguishable from the two types of geese - The applicants sought judicial review, submitting that the federal Crown violated the doctrine of legitimate expectation by violating Ministerial policy for regulating wildlife in the Objectives and Guidelines for Establishment of National Regulations for Migratory Game Bird Hunting - The Federal Court of Canada, Trial Division, rejected the submission - See paragraphs 51 to 58.
Administrative Law - Topic 7525
Delegated powers - Validity of delegated powers - Rules or regulations - Ultra vires - In 1999, the federal government amended the Migratory Birds Regulations in an attempt to control the problem of an exponential growth in the Snow Geese population - The amended Regulations established a special hunting season to permit the killing of Snow Geese, Ross Geese and other species not easily distinguishable from the two types of geese - The applicants sought judicial review, submitting that the federal Crown unlawfully subdelegated its decision-making power respecting whether an overabundance of Snow Geese existed (i.e., permitted the Americans and Mexicans to make that decision) - The Federal Court of Canada, Trial Division, held that there was no subdelegation impairing the validity of the amended Regulations - See paragraphs 45 to 50.
Administrative Law - Topic 7565
Delegated powers - Sub-delegation of powers - Prohibition against delegation by delegate (delegatus non potest delegare) - [See Administrative Law - Topic 7525 ].
Indians, Inuit and Métis - Topic 506
Rights - General - Constitution Act, 1982, s. 35 - Interpretation - In 1999, the federal government amended the Migratory Birds Regulations in an attempt to control the problem of an exponential growth in the Snow Geese population - The amended Regulations established a special hunting season to permit the killing of Snow Geese, Ross Geese and other species not easily distinguishable from the two types of geese - The applicants claimed that the amended Regulations infringed aboriginal rights contrary to s. 35(1) of the Constitution Act, 1982 - The Federal Court of Canada, Trial Division, held that there was insufficient evidence before the court to find that the amended Regulations violated aboriginal rights - See paragraphs 65 to 72.
Statutes - Topic 5364
Operation and effect - Delegated legislation - Regulations - Validity of - Conflict with statute authorizing regulation - In 1999, the federal government amended the Migratory Birds Regulations in an attempt to control the problem of an exponential growth in the Snow Geese population - The amended Regulations established a special hunting season to permit the killing of Snow Geese, Ross Geese and other species not easily distinguishable from the two types of geese - The applicants sought judicial review, submitting that the amended Regulations were ultra vires - The Federal Court of Canada, Trial Division, held that the amended Regulations were intra vires respecting Snow Geese (ultra vires respecting Ross Geese and other species) - The Regulations were authorized by and not contrary to the Migratory Birds Convention Act - See paragraphs 1 to 44.
Statutes - Topic 5367
Operation and effect - Delegated legislation - Regulations - Validity of - Ultra vires - Whether purpose authorized by empowering statute - [See Statutes - Topic 5364 ].
Cases Noticed:
Inuit Tapirisat of Canada and National Anti-Poverty Organization v. Canada (Attorney General), [1980] 2 S.C.R. 735; 33 N.R. 304; 115 D.L.R.(3d) 1, refd to. [para. 9, footnote 4].
Angus et al. v. Canada, [1990] 3 F.C. 410; 111 N.R. 321 (F.C.A.), refd to. [para. 10, footnote 5].
Thorne's Hardware Ltd. et al. v. R., [1983] 1 S.C.R. 106; 46 N.R. 91, refd to. [para. 11, footnote 6].
Doctors Hospital v. Ontario (Minister of Health) et al. (1976), 68 D.L.R.(3d) 220 (Ont. Div. Ct.), refd to. [para. 33, footnote 12].
Canada (Attorney General) v. Ward, [1993] 2 S.C.R. 689; 153 N.R. 321, refd to. [para. 34, footnote 14].
National Corn Growers' Association et al. v. Canadian Import Tribunal (1990), 114 N.R. 81; 74 D.L.R.(4th) 449 (S.C.C.), refd to. [para. 34, footnote 14].
Salomon v. Customs and Excise Commissioners, [1967] 2 Q.B. 116 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 34, footnote 14].
Vic Restaurant Inc. v. Montreal (City), [1959] S.C.R. 58, refd to. [para. 47, footnote 15].
Pulp, Paper and Woodworkers of Canada, Local 8 et al. v. Canada (Minister of Agriculture) et al. (1994), 174 N.R. 37 (F.C.A.), refd to. [para. 52, footnote 16].
Bates v. Lord Hailsham of St. Marylebone, [1972] 1 W.L.R. 1373, refd to. [para. 61, footnote 19].
Nicholson v. Haldimand-Norfolk Regional Board of Commissioners of Police, [1979] 1 S.C.R. 311; 23 N.R. 410; 88 D.L.R.(3d) 671; 78 C.L.L.C. 14,181, refd to. [para. 61, footnote 19].
R. v. Sparrow, [1990] 1 S.C.R. 1075; 111 N.R. 241; 56 C.C.C.(3d) 263; 70 D.L.R.(4th) 385, refd to. [para. 70, footnote 20].
R. v. Badger (W.C.) et al., [1996] 1 S.C.R. 771; 195 N.R. 1; 181 A.R. 321; 116 W.A.C. 321; 105 C.C.C.(3d) 289, refd to. [para. 71, footnote 22].
Halfway River First Nation v. British Columbia (Minister of Forests), [1997] 4 C.N.L.R. 45 (B.C.S.C.), refd to. [para. 72, footnote 23].
Makivik Corp. v. Canada (Minister of Canadian Heritage), [1999] 1 F.C. 38 (F.C.T.D.), refd to. [para. 72, footnote 24].
Statutes Noticed:
Constitution Act, 1982, sect. 35(1) [para. 70, footnote 21].
Migratory Birds Convention Act, S.C. 1994, c. 22, sect. 4, sect. 12(1) [para. 21].
Migratory Birds Convention Act, Migratory Birds Convention, preamble [para. 12]; art, 2 [para. 14]; art. 7 [para. 16].
Authors and Works Noticed:
Driedger, Elmer A., Construction of Statutes (3rd Ed. 1994), pp. 397 [para. 34, footnote 13]; 398 [para. 35].
Counsel:
David Estrin and Lesli Bisgould, for the applicant;
Peter A. Vita and Cassandra Kirewskie, for the respondent.
Solicitors of Record:
Gowling, Strathy & Henderson, Toronto, Ontario, for the applicant;
Department of Justice, Toronto, Ontario, for the respondent.
This application was heard on April 14, 1999, at Toronto, Ontario, before Gibson, J., of the Federal Court of Canada, Trial Division, who delivered the following judgment on May 13, 1999.
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