Commission scolaire régionale de Chambly v. Syndicat de l'enseignement de Champlain et autres, (1994) 169 N.R. 281 (SCC)
Judge | Iacobucci and Major, JJ. |
Court | Supreme Court (Canada) |
Case Date | June 23, 1994 |
Jurisdiction | Canada (Federal) |
Citations | (1994), 169 N.R. 281 (SCC);48 ACWS (3d) 1214;[1997] SCJ No 57 (QL);AZ-94111066;JE 94-1093;[1994] 2 SCR 525;DTE 94T-767;1994 CanLII 102 (SCC);115 DLR (4th) 609;169 NR 281;21 Admin LR (2d) 169;[1994] SCJ No 57 (QL);22 CHRR 1;4 CCEL (2d) 165;62 QAC 241 |
Chambly School Bd. v. Teachers Union (1994), 169 N.R. 281 (SCC)
MLB headnote and full text
[French language version follows English language version]
[La version française vient à la suite de la version anglaise]
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Syndicat de l'enseignement de Champlain, Joseph Kadoch, Louise Elbraz et Jacob Lahmi (appelants) v. Commission scolaire régionale de Chambly (intimée) et Michel Bergevin, Jacqueline Hehlen et Yvan Turbide (mis en cause) et Commission des droits de la personne du Québec (intervenante)
(23188)
Indexed As: Commission scolaire régionale de Chambly v. Syndicat de l'enseignement de Champlain et autres
Supreme Court of Canada
Lamer, C.J.C., La Forest, L'Heureux-Dubé,
Sopinka, Gonthier, Cory, McLachlin,
Iacobucci and Major, JJ.
June 23, 1994.
Summary:
Three Jewish teachers requested a paid day off to observe Yom Kippur, a Jewish holy day. The employer school commission gave them the day off but deducted from their lump sum salary an amount equivalent to a day's wages. The teachers' union filed a grievance to reclaim the lost salary. An arbitration board allowed the grievance. The school commission moved for evocation to quash the arbitration board's decision. The Quebec Superior Court (Steinberg, J.) dismissed the motion. The school commission appealed.
The Quebec Court of Appeal, Rousseau-Houle, J.A., dissenting, in a judgment reported 48 Q.A.C. 34, allowed the appeal. The teachers' union appealed.
The Supreme Court of Canada allowed the appeal.
Civil Rights - Topic 983
Discrimination - Employment - What constitutes discrimination - A work calendar in a collective agreement did not oblige Christian teachers to take a day off to observe Christian holy days - The agreement however, provided paid special leave for cases of "force majeure" ("irresistible force") and for other "valid" reasons and incorporated the provisions of Quebec's Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms - Three Jewish teachers sought a paid day's leave to observe Yom Kippur, a Jewish holy day - The Supreme Court of Canada affirmed an arbitration board's decision that allowed the request after a grievance - The court held: 1) the work calendar constituted adverse effect discrimination; 2) reasonable accommodation had to be made for the Jewish teachers and was possible under the collective agreement - See paragraphs 1 to 46.
Droits et libertés - Cote 983
Discrimination - Emploi - En quoi consiste la discrimination - [Voir Civil Rights - Topic 983 ].
Civil Rights - Topic 992
Discrimination - Employment - Adverse effect or indirect discrimination - A work calendar in a collective agreement did not oblige Christian teachers to take a day off to observe Christian holy days - The agreement however, provided paid special leave for cases of "force majeure" ("irresistible force") and for other "valid" reasons and incorporated the provisions of Quebec's Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms - Three Jewish teachers sought a paid day's leave to observe Yom Kippur, a Jewish holy day - The Supreme Court of Canada affirmed an arbitration board's decision that allowed the request after a grievance - The court held: 1) the work calendar constituted adverse effect discrimination; 2) reasonable accommodation had to be made for the Jewish teachers and was possible under the collective agreement - See paragraphs 1 to 46.
Droits et libertés - Cote 992
Discrimination - Emploi - Discrimination à effet adverse ou indirecte - [Voir Civil Rights - Topic 992 ].
Civil Rights - Topic 992.1
Discrimination - Employment - Adverse effect discrimination, duty of employer or union to accommodate employee - A work calendar in a collective agreement did not oblige Christian teachers to take a day off to observe Christian holy days - The agreement however, provided paid special leave for cases of "force majeure" ("irresistible force") and for other "valid" reasons and incorporated the provisions of Quebec's Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms - Three Jewish teachers sought a paid day's leave to observe Yom Kippur, a Jewish holy day - The Supreme Court of Canada affirmed an arbitration board's decision that allowed the request after a grievance - The court held: 1) the work calendar constituted adverse effect discrimination; 2) reasonable accommodation had to be made for the Jewish teachers and was possible under the collective agreement - See paragraphs 1 to 46.
Droits et libertés - Cote 992.1
Discrimination - Emploi - Discrimination à effet adverse, obligation de l'employeur ou du syndicat d'accomoder l'employé - [Voir Civil Rights - Topic 992.1 ].
Civil Rights - Topic 1049
Discrimination - Religion - Labour standards - A work calendar in a collective agreement did not oblige Christian teachers to take a day off to observe Christian holy days - The agreement however, provided paid special leave for cases of "force majeure" ("irresistible force") and for other "valid" reasons and incorporated the provisions of Quebec's Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms - Three Jewish teachers sought a paid day's leave to observe Yom Kippur, a Jewish holy day - The Supreme Court of Canada affirmed an arbitration board's decision that allowed the request after a grievance - The court held: 1) the work calendar constituted adverse effect discrimination; 2) reasonable accommodation had to be made for the Jewish teachers and was possible under the collective agreement - See paragraphs 1 to 46.
Droits et libertés - Cote 1049
Discrimination - Religion - Normes du travail - [Voir Civil Rights - Topic 1049 ].
Labour Law - Topic 7114
Industrial relations - Collective agreement, enforcement - Arbitration - Judicial review - Manifestly unreasonable decision - A work calendar in a collective agreement did not oblige Christian teachers to take a day off to observe Christian holy days - The agreement however, provided paid special leave for cases of "force majeure" ("irresistible force") and for other "valid" reasons and incorporated the provisions of Quebec's Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms - Three Jewish teachers sought a paid day's leave to observe Yom Kippur, a Jewish holy day - This was denied - The Jewish teachers filed a grievance, alleging discrimination - An arbitration board allowed the grievance - The Supreme Court of Canada stated that the arbitration board's decision was far from unreasonable and was accordingly beyond the scope of judicial intervention - See paragraphs 47 to 54.
Droit du travail - Cote 7114
Relations industrielles - Convention collective, application - Arbitrage - Contrôle judiciaire - Décision manifestement déraisonnable - [Voir Labour Law - Topic 7114 ].
Cases Noticed:
Human Rights Commission (Ont.) and O'Malley v. Simpsons-Sears, [1985] 2 S.C.R. 536; 64 N.R. 161; 12 O.A.C. 241; 23 D.L.R.(4th) 321; 9 C.C.E.L. 185; 17 Admin. L.R. 89; 86 C.L.L.C. 17,002, refd to. [para. 6].
Canada (Attorney General) v. Public Service Alliance of Canada, [1993] 1 S.C.R. 941; 150 N.R. 161, refd to. [para. 11].
Canadian Union of Public Employees, Local 963 v. New Brunswick Liquor Corp., [1979] 2 S.C.R. 227; 26 N.R. 341; 25 N.B.R.(2d) 237; 51 A.P.R. 237; 97 D.L.R.(3d) 417; 79 C.L.L.C. 14,209, refd to. [para. 11].
Syndicat national des employés de la commission scolaire régionale de l'Outaouais (CSN) v. Union des employés de service, local 298 (FTQ), [1988] 2 S.C.R. 1048; 95 N.R. 161; 24 Q.A.C. 244, refd to. [para. 11].
Union des employés de service, local 298 v. Bibeault - see Syndicat national des employés de la commission scolaire régionale de l'Outaouais (CSN) v. Union des employés de service, local 298 (FTQ).
Bibeault - see Syndicat national des employés de la commission scolaire régionale de l'Outaouais (CSN) v. Union des employés de service, local 298 (FTQ).
Canadian Broadcasting Corp. v. Syndicat des employés de production du Québec et de l'Acadie, [1984] 2 S.C.R. 412; 55 N.R. 321; 14 D.L.R.(4th) 457, refd to. [para. 11].
Syndicat des employés de production de Québec et de l'Acadie v. Canada Labour Relations Board - see Canadian Broadcasting Corp. v. Syndicat des employés de production du Québec et de l'Acadie.
Forget v. Québec (Procureur général) and Office de la langue française, [1988] 2 S.C.R. 90; 87 N.R. 37; 17 Q.A.C. 241, refd to. [para. 13].
Chaussure Brown's Inc. et al. v. Québec (Procureur général), [1988] 2 S.C.R. 712; 90 N.R. 84; 19 Q.A.C. 69, refd to. [para. 13].
Ford v. Quebec (Attorney General) - see Chaussure Brown's Inc. et al. v. Québec (Procureur général).
Singer (Allan) Ltd. v. Québec (Procureur général) et al., [1988] 2 S.C.R. 790; 90 N.R. 48; 19 Q.A.C. 33, refd to. [para. 13].
Devine v. Quebec (Attorney General) - see Singer (Allan) Ltd. v. Québec (Procureur général) et al.
Brossard (Town) v. Commission des droits de la personne du Québec and Laurin, [1988] 2 S.C.R. 279; 88 N.R. 321; 18 Q.A.C. 164, refd to. [para. 13].
Central Alberta Dairy Pool v. Human Rights Commission (Alta.), [1990] 2 S.C.R. 489; 113 N.R. 161; 111 A.R. 241, refd to. [para. 15].
Renaud v. Board of Education of Central Okanagan No. 23 and Canadian Union of Public Employees, Local 523, [1992] 2 S.C.R. 970; 141 N.R. 185; 13 B.C.A.C. 245; 24 W.A.C. 245, refd to. [para. 15].
Andrews v. Law Society of British Columbia, [1989] 1 S.C.R. 143; 91 N.R. 255; [1989] 2 W.W.R. 289; 56 D.L.R.(4th) 1; 34 B.C.L.R.(2d) 273; 36 C.R.R. 193; 25 C.C.E.L. 255, refd to. [para. 15].
Canadian Pacific Air Lines Ltd. et al. v. Canadian Air Line Pilots Association et al., [1993] 3 S.C.R. 724; 160 N.R. 321, refd to. [para. 47].
Domtar Inc. v. Commission d'appel en matière de lésions professionnelles et autres, [1993] 2 S.C.R. 756; 154 N.R. 104; 55 Q.A.C. 241, refd to. [para. 47].
United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America, Local 579 v. Bradco Construction Ltd., [1993] 2 S.C.R. 316; 153 N.R. 81; 106 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 140; 334 A.P.R. 140, refd to. [para. 47].
Dayco (Canada) Ltd. v. National Automobile, Aerospace and Agricultural Implement Workers Union of Canada (CAW - Canada), [1993] 2 S.C.R. 230; 152 N.R. 1; 63 O.A.C. 1, refd to. [para. 47].
Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières v. Syndicat des employés professionnels de l'Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, [1993] 1 S.C.R. 471; 148 N.R. 209; 53 Q.A.C. 171, refd to. [para. 47].
Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières v. Larocque - see Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières v. Syndicat des employés professionnels de l'Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières.
Canada (Attorney General) v. Mossop, [1993] 1 S.C.R. 554; 149 N.R. 1, refd to. [para. 47].
Canada (Procureur général) v. Alliance de la Fonction publique du Canada, [1991] 1 S.C.R. 614; 123 N.R. 161, refd to. [para. 47].
Public Service Alliance of Canada v. Canada (Attorney General) and Econosult Inc. - see Canada (Procureur général) v. Alliance de la Fonction publique du Canada.
National Corn Growers' Association et al. v. Canadian Import Tribunal, [1990] 2 S.C.R. 1324; 114 N.R. 81; 74 D.L.R.(4th) 449, refd to. [para. 47].
Paccar of Canada Ltd. v. Canadian Association of Industrial, Mechanical and Allied Workers' Local 14, [1989] 2 S.C.R. 983; 102 N.R. 1; 62 D.L.R.(4th) 437; 89 C.L.L.C. 14,050; [1989] 6 W.W.R. 673; 40 Admin. L.R. 181, refd to. [para. 47].
Statutes Noticed:
Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, 1982, generally [para. 15].
Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms, R.S.Q. 1977, c. C-12, sect. 3, sect. 9.1, sect. 10, sect. 16 [para. 10]; sect. 20 [para. 50].
Labour Code, R.S.Q. 1977, c. C-27, sect. 100, sect. 100.12(a), sect. 101, sect. 139, sect. 139.1 [para. 10].
Authors and Works Noticed:
Proulx, Daniel, La norme québécoise d'égalité dérape en Cour suprême: commentaire des arrêts Forget, Devine et Ford (1990), 24 R.J.T. 365, pp. 383 to 385 [para. 16].
Counsel:
Georges Marceau and Michel Boyer, for the appellants;
Pierre Bégin and Christian Brunelle, for the respondent;
Béatrice Vizkelety, for the intervener.
Solicitors of Record:
Melançon, Marceau, Grenier & Sciortino, Montreal, Quebec and Lapierre, St-Denis & Associés, Montreal, Quebec, for the appellants;
Pothier Bégin, Ste-Foy, Quebec, for the respondent;
Béatrice Vizkelety, Montreal, Quebec, for the intervener.
This appeal was heard on February 1, 1994, by Lamer, C.J.C., and La Forest, L'Heureux-Dubé, Sopinka, Gonthier, Cory, McLachlin, Iacobucci and Major, JJ., of the Supreme Court of Canada.
The judgment of the Supreme Court was delivered in both official languages on June 23, 1994, and the following opinions were filed:
Cory, J. (Lamer, C.J.C., La Forest, Sopinka, McLachlin, Iacobucci and Major, JJ., concurring) - see paragraphs 1 to 46;
L'Heureux-Dubé, J. (Gonthier, J., concurring) - see paragraphs 47 to 54.
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