Chapitre 4. Les conférences constitutionnelles: un organe intergouvernemental pour les négociations constitutionnelles

Pages65-74
AuthorDave Guénete
Chapitre 4
Les conférences constitutionnelles:
un organe intergouvernemental pour
les négociations constitutionnelles
En dehors de la chambre haute, les États membres d’un système fédéral
peuvent également prendre part à des négociations constitutionnelles
dans le cadre de divers mécanismes de relations intergouvernemen-
tales. C’est ce que nous appellerons des « conférences constitution-
nelles ». Largement moins répandu, ce mécanisme est néanmoins
propice à l’établissement d’une véritable composante fédérale, dans
le cadre du processus de révision con stitutionnelle d’une fédération.
Pour définir ces conférences constitutionnelles de nature inter-
gouvernementale, nous dirons qu’il s’agit simplement d’instances
où les chefs de gouvernement des divers États membres et des ins-
titutions centrales se rassemblent et tentent de négocier entre eux
des révisions qu’il serait opportun ou convenable d’apporter à la
constitution. Ces conférences constitutionnelles, lorsqu’elles sont
fructueuses, mènent habituellement à la conclusion d’ententes ou
d’accords politiques qui doivent ensuite être adoptés plus formelle-
ment. Formulé autrement, le juridique suit ici le politique.
Les conférences peuvent ainsi être formellement prévues par un
texte constitutionnel, tout comme elles peuvent prendre forme de
manière informelle, mais tout de même habituelle. Ainsi, nous nous
attarderons ici à la présence, ou non, de conférences con stitutionnelles
lors du processus de révision de la loi fondamentale d’un système fédé-
ral (.), tout comme nous prêterons attention à leur ecacité (.).


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