Chapitre 5. La ratifcation par les États membres: un mécanisme fédéral peu répandu, mais fort efcace

Pages75-84
AuthorDave Guénete
Chapitre 5
La ratification par les États membres:
un mécanisme fédéral peu répandu,
mais fort efficace
La ratification d’une modification constitutionnelle directement par
les institutions des États membres est le mécanisme décentralisé
par excellence, pour assurer le caractère véritablement fédéral du
processus de révision. En eet, comment mieux assurer le consente-
ment des divers partenaires d’un système fédéral à une modification
qu’en exigeant d’eux qu’ils en ratifient le texte ? Or, malgré le grand
potentiel « fédéral » de ce mécanisme, on constate qu’il est bien
peu répandu. En eet, les sociétés fédérales, que ce soit par pragma-
tisme, par peur de l’immobilisme ou par méfiance à l’endroit des
institutions des entités fédérées, semblent préférer les process us plus
centralisés de ratification, tout en permettant aux États membres d’y
jouer un certain rôle.
De plus, il semble que le fait d’opter ou non pour une procédure
de ratification impliquant directement les institutions des États
membres n’ait rien d’accidentel, mais soit plutôt une conséquence de
l’appartenance à un sous-ensemble du phénomène fédéral : le fédé-
ralisme d’agrégation. En eet, comme nous le verrons, la ratification
par les États membres d’une fédération semble habituellement être
le fruit d’un processus bien particulier de formation de l’État fédéral,
soit un mouvement par lequel plusieurs entités se rassemblent pour
n’en former qu’une, tout en souhaitant conserver un certain pouvoir
sur le processus de modification de la loi fondamentale.


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