Chapitre 7. Les ordres constitutionnels internes: autonomie constituante et contraintes externes

Pages99-111
AuthorDave Guénete
 
Les ordres constitutionnels
internes: autonomie constituante et
contraintes externes
Les ordres constitutionnels internes désignent, tout simplement,
l’ensemble des règles constitutionnelles qui régissent le fonction-
nement des institutions et du système juridique des États membres
d’un système fédéral. Il est évidemment fréquent que ces États
membres possèdent leur propre « constitution interne », que l’on
appellera constitution provinciale au Canada, statut d’autonomie
en Espagne, constitution du Land en Allemagne, etc.
Que les États membres d’un système fédéral disposent ou non
d’une constitution interne « formalisée », il n’en demeure pas
moins qu’un ensemble de normes juridiques et constitutionnelles
encadrera leur fonctionnement. C’est-à-dire que peu importe qu’il
existe ou non, dans les États membres d’un système fédéral, un
texte appelé « constitution », « statut d’autonomie » ou autre, il ne
fait aucun doute que des règles de droit seront en place pour régir le
système politique, la structure institutionnelle, le système électoral,
etc., de ces sociétés.
Ainsi, dans ce dernier chapitre, nous nous intéresserons à l’exis-
tence d’une « constitution » pour les États membres d’un système
fédéral et à la capacité de ces derniers à exercer un certain contrôle
sur la modification de ces normes constitutionnelles. Puisque nous
nous concentrons ici sur le processus de modification constitution-
nelle, nous ne nous pencherons pas sur l’étendue de ce que peut
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