Conclusion

Pages139-143
AuthorAlexis Terriault
Conclusion
En résumé, cela fait très longtemps que le consensus scientifique
est clair. Les changements climatiques sont causés par les activités
humaines qui émettent des GES. Cette tendance nous expose à de
sérieuses conséquences. Réussir à coordonner un eort global pour
réduire ces émissions est sans doute le défi le plus complexe et di-
cile auquel l’humanité nait jamais été confrontée.
Heureusement, il existe des pistes de solutions. Parmi les instru-
ments politiques qui s’orent aux gouvernements, la tarification du
carbone est une idée particulièrement intéressante. En internalisant
les coûts de la pollution par les GES et en appliquant le principe du
pollueur-payeur, la tarification du carbone incite à la réduction des
émissions dans l’ensemble de l’économie.
C’est pourquoi, dès , le gouvernement fédéral canadien a
communiqué son intention d’appliquer un système pancanadien de
tarification du carbone. L’approche du « filet de sécurité » fédéral
est unique et constitue un modèle intéressant dans le cadre des
réflexions sur l’expansion mondiale de la tarification du carbone.
En , le filet de sécurité a été inscrit dans la loi avec l’adop-
tion de la Loi sur la tarification de la pollution causée par les gaz à eet
de serre (LTPGES), qui a reçu la sanction royale le  juin . La
loi instaure deux systèmes de tarification qui s’appliquent dans les


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