Detailed table of contents

• Author: Julien D. Payne - Marilyn A. Payne
• Pages: vii-xxi

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Preface xxiii

Acknowledgements xxvii

Chapter 1:

FAMILY STRUCTURES AND CANADIAN FAMILY LAW 1

1. Definitions of “Family” 1

2. Sources of Family Law 2

3. Evolution of Family Law 2

4. Fragmentation of Legislative Powers 10

5. Fragmentation of Judicial Jurisdiction 12

   Chapter 2:

   MARRIAGE 14

1. Engagements 14

2. Property Disputes on Termination of Engagement 14

3. Change of Name 15

4. Marriage: Status or Contract? 16

5. Definition of Marriage; Monogamous and Polygamous Marriages 16

   1) Definition of “Marriage” 16

   2) Monogamous and Polygamous Marriages 20

6. Formal and Essential Validity 22

   1) Validity of Marriage; Applicable Laws 22

   2) Formal Validity 22

   3) Essential Validity 23

7. Jurisdiction 24

8. Void and Voidable Marriages 24

   I. Absence of Consent 25

   1) Unsoundness of Mind; Alcohol and Drug Intoxication 25

   2) Duress 26

   3) Fraud 27

   4) Mistake 27

   5) Intention and Motive; Marriages of Convenience 28

10. Legal Capacity 30

    1) Same-Sex Marriages 30

    2) Age 30

    3) Prior Marriage 31

    4) Prohibited Degrees 31

11. Non-consummation of Marriage 32

    L. Bars to Annulment 34

    1) Collusion 34

    2) Estoppel 34

    3) Insincerity 35

13. Religious Annulments and Divorce 37

    Chapter 3:

    COHABITATIONAL RELATIONSHIPS 38

1. Introduction 38

2. Legal Consequences of Unmarried Cohabitation as Compared to Marriage 40

3. Cohabitation Agreements 42

4. Support Rights and Obligations between Unmarried Cohabitants 44

5. Property Rights 49

6. Debts and Liabilities; Financial Planning 56

7. Custody and Access 57

   Chapter 4:

   DOMESTIC CONTRACTS 58

1. Types of Domestic Contracts 58

2. Domestic Contracts under the Ontario Family Law Act 68

   1) General Observations 68

   2) Marriage Contracts 69

   3) Cohabitation Agreements 70

   4) Separation Agreements 71

   5) Formal Requirements of Domestic Contracts 73

   6) Capacity to Enter into Domestic Contracts 74

   7) Contracts Subject to Best Interests of Child 74

   8) Dum Casta Clauses 75

   9) Setting Aside Domestic Contracts 75

   10) Rights of Donors of Gifts 81

   11) Contracts Made outside Ontario 81

   12) Paternity Agreements 82

   13) Application of Act to Pre-existing Contracts 83

   14) Setting Aside Provisions of Domestic Contracts Respecting Spousal and Child Support 84

   15) Incorporation of Provisions of Domestic Contracts in Orders under Family Law Act 85

   16) Incorporation of Provisions of Domestic Contracts in Divorce Judgments 85

   17) Filing, Enforcement, and Variation of Support Provisions of Domestic Contracts 86

   18) Remedies for Breach of Domestic Contracts 88

   19) Termination of Domestic Contracts 88

   Chapter 5:

   FAMILY VIOLENCE 90

1. Introduction 90

2. Abuse of the Elderly 91

3. Nature of Spousal Abuse 92

4. Social and Legal Responses to Spousal Abuse 94

   1) Shelters and Transition Houses 94

   2) Counselling Services 95

   3) Legal Responses to Spousal Abuse 96

   4) Criminal Law 97

   1. Criminal Code Offences 97

   2. Specialized Criminal Courts 102

   3. Provincial Statutory Developments 102

      5) Matrimonial Proceedings 103

   1. Divorce Act 104

   2. Spousal and Child Support 105

   3. Custody and Access 106

   4. Orders for Exclusive Possession of Matrimonial Home 106

   5. Restraining Orders 107

      6) Actions for Damages 108

5. The Victim’s Response to Spousal Abuse 111

6. Proposals for Reform 112

7. Nature of Child Abuse 115

8. Social and Legal Responses to Child Abuse 115

   1) Criminal Sanctions 116

   2) Child Protection Proceedings 119

   3) Family Law Proceedings 123

   4) Damages for Child Abuse 123

   5) Institutional Child Abuse 128

   Chapter 6:

   THE CRISES OF MARRIAGE BREAKDOWN AND PROCESSES FOR DEALING WITH THEM 130

1. The Crises of Marriage Breakdown 130

2. The Emotional Divorce 131

3. Recent Trends in Family Dispute Resolution 134

4. Duty of Legal Profession to Promote Reconciliation, Negotiation, and Mediation 135

   1) Duty of Legal Adviser 135

   2) Duty of Court: Reconciliation 136

   3) Confidentiality 137

5. Marriage and Family Counselling 142

6. Negotiation 143

   1) The Importance of Negotiation 143

   2) Negotiation Techniques 143

   3) Aspects of Successful Negotiation on Family Breakdown 145

7. Mediation 147

   1) Nature of Mediation 147

   2) Approaches to Mediation 148

   3) Reasons for Mediation 148

   4) Goals of Mediation 149

   5) Arriving at a Fair Settlement 149

   6) Circumstances in which Mediation is Inappropriate 150

   7) Full Disclosure and Confidentiality 150

   8) Involvement of Third Parties 151

   9) Involvement of Children 151

   10) Involvement of Lawyers 151

   11) Issues to Be Mediated 152

   12) Neutrality of Mediators 153

   13) Common Impediments to Settlement 153

   1. Emotional Barriers 153

   2. “Stuck Spots” 153

   3. Imbalances of Power 154

   4. War Games 154

      14) Mediation Strategies to Circumvent or Remove Impediments to Settlement 154

   1. Dealing with Anger and Hostility 154

   2. Circumventing “Stuck Spots” 155

   3. Private Caucusing 156

   4. Restoring Trust and Respect 156

   5. Redressing Power Imbalances 156

      15) Steps in the Mediation Process 157

   1. Setting the Stage 157

   2. Defining the Issues 158

   3. Processing the Issues 158

   4. Resolving the Issues 158

      16) Pros and Cons of Mediation 159

      17) Professional and Community Responses to Mediation 159

      18) The Future of Family Mediation 160

8. Arbitration 161

   1) Advantages of Arbitration 162

   1. Selection of Arbitrator(s) 162

   2. Type of Hearing 162

   3. Flexibility and Speed 163

   4. Definition of Issues 163

   5. Privacy 164

   6. Expense 164

   2) Disadvantages of Arbitration 164

   3) Court-Annexed Arbitration 165

   4) Judicial and Legislative Responses to Arbitration 165

   I. Med-Arb 169

10. Parenting Coordination 170

11. Concluding Observations 171

    Chapter 7:

    DIVORCE: JURISDICTION; JUDGMENTS; FOREIGN DIVORCES; GROUNDS FOR DIVORCE; BARS 173

1. Separation Agreements; Divorce Settlements 173

2. Jurisdiction over Divorce 174

   1) Introduction 174

   2) Definition of “Court” 175

   3) Exercise of Jurisdiction by Judge Alone 175

   4) Jurisdiction in Divorce Proceedings 175

   1. Basic Statutory Criteria 175

   2. Transfer of Divorce Proceeding to Another Province 177

   3. Competing Foreign Proceeding 178

      5) Jurisdiction in Corollary Relief Proceedings 179

   1. Basic Statutory Criteria 179

   2. Transfer of Corollary Relief Proceeding to Another Province 181

      6) Jurisdiction in Variation Proceedings 182

   1. Basic Statutory Criteria 182

   2. Transfer of Variation Proceeding to Another Province 182

   3. Variation of Foreign Orders 183

      7) Ordinarily Resident 183

3. Divorce Judgments 186

   1) Effective Date of Divorce Judgment; Appeals; Rescission of Divorce Judgment 186

   2) Expedition of Divorce Judgment 187

   3) National Effect of Divorce and Corollary Orders 188

   4) Right to Remarry 188

4. Recognition of Foreign Divorces 188

   1) General Criteria 188

   2) Extra-Judicial Divorce 190

   3) Substantive and Procedural Defects 190

   4) Doctrine of Preclusion 190

5. Marriage Breakdown as Sole Ground for Divorce 191

   1) Spousal Separation as Proof of...