Dix ans d'entrevues avec d'anciens deputes.
Date | 22 December 2018 |
Author | Hilderman, Jane |
Dix ans apres avoir lance une premiere serie d'entrevues aupres de deputes sortants, le Centre Samara pour la democratie a recemment publie trois nouveaux rapports se fondant sur une deuxieme serie d'entrevues. Ces rapports, ainsi que l'ouvrage a succes Tragedy in the Commons, ont retenu toute l'attention des medias et des observateurs parlementaires qui s'interessent aux reflexions franches d'ex-parlementaires. Dans cet article, les auteurs presentent leurs methodes d'entrevue en constante evolution et leur demarche methodologique generale et se penchent sur la possibilite de mettre a la disposition des futurs chercheurs les entrevues detaillees.
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Il y a dix ans, le Centre Samara pour la democratie, alors un tout nouvel organisme caritatif non partisan, a lance un projet pancanadien fonde sur la conviction qu'un abime se formait peu a peu entre les dirigeants politiques et la population, mais que ces memes dirigeants connaissaient peut-etre certaines pistes de solution pour combler ce fosse. C'est ainsi qu'est ne le projet d'entrevues avec les deputes sortants.
La premiere serie d'entrevues s'est deroulee de 2008 a 2011. Nous avons travaille en partenariat avec l'Association canadienne des ex-parlementaires, qui nous a aides a entrer en contact avec d'anciens deputes anglophones et francophones de tous les partis politiques d'un bout a l'autre du pays. En tout, nous avons rencontre 80 ex-deputes des 38e, 39e et 40e legislatures, dont plus de 20 ministres et un premier ministre. Ces discussions ont forme la base de quatre rapports et d'un ouvrage a succes, Tragedy in the Commons (2014).
Les elections federales de 2015 ont profondement change le visage de la Chambre des communes; ainsi, des deputes cumulant ensemble plus de 400 annees d'experience ont quitte leurs fonctions. C'est pourquoi nous avons decide de relancer le projet. En 2017, nous nous sommes entretenus avec 54 autres deputes de la 41e legislature qui n'avaient pas ete reelus ou qui avaient pris leur retraite en 2015. Ces entretiens jettent les bases de trois nouveaux rapports publies cette annee, qui viennent etayer la description de taches du depute.
Le concept de l'entrevue de depart, qui nous vient du secteur prive, est simple : On demande a des employes ou a des cadres qui quittent une organisation de discuter, en toute franchise, de ce qui fonctionne et de ce qui ne fonctionne pas dans l'organisation, puisqu'ils en ont une connaissance intime. Dans la meme logique, les ex-deputes ont un regard unique sur les rouages de nos plus grandes institutions democratiques. Affranchis de la sphere publique, ils ont plus de latitude...
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