Hawley et al. v. Bapoo et al., [2005] O.T.C. 894 (SC)

• Judge: T. Ducharme, J.
• Court: Superior Court of Justice of Ontario (Canada)
• Case Date: October 11, 2005
• Jurisdiction: Ontario
• Citations: [2005] O.T.C. 894 (SC)

Hawley v. Bapoo, [2005] O.T.C. 894 (SC)

MLB headnote and full text

Temp. Cite: [2005] O.T.C. TBEd. OC.079

Autry Austin Ricky Hawley and William Gregor McNab (plaintiffs) v. Abdul-Karim Bapoo, Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Ontario, The Attorney General for Ontario, Louis A. Richer and Mary-Anne Mars (née Mackett) (defendants)

Abdul-Karim Bapoo (plaintiff by counterclaim) v. Autry Austin Ricky Hawley and William Gregor McNab (defendants by counterclaim)

(Court File No. 97-CV-125240 CM)

Indexed As: Hawley et al. v. Bapoo et al.

Court of Ontario

Superior Court of Justice

T. Ducharme, J.

October 11, 2005.

Summary:

This headnote contains no summary.

Civil Rights - Topic 1410.3

Security of the person - Law enforcement - Excessive force (incl. assault) - See paragraph 149.

Civil Rights - Topic 8375

Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms - Denial of rights - Remedies - Damages - See paragraphs 150 to 206.

Civil Rights - Topic 8587.1

Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms - Practice - Notice - General - See paragraphs 46 to 56.

Civil Rights - Topic 8588

Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms - Practice - Notice to Attorney General - See paragraphs 46 to 56.

Criminal Law - Topic 21

General principles - Prosecution of crime - General - See paragraphs 118 to 121.

Criminal Law - Topic 1413

Offences against person and reputation - Assaults - Simple assault - What constitutes - See paragraphs 57 to 64 and 124.

Police - Topic 3061

Powers - Arrest and detention - General - See paragraphs 57 to 64.

Police - Topic 5001

Actions against police - General - See paragraphs 126 to 132.

Police - Topic 5003

Actions against police - General - Actions against police board, municipality or solicitor general for actions by police officer - See paragraphs 126 to 132.

Police - Topic 5143

Actions against police - For assault and battery - What constitutes - See paragraphs 57 to 64 and 124.

Police - Topic 5283

Actions against police - Defences - Statutory immunity - See paragraphs 133 to 148.

Police - Topic 5285

Actions against police - Defences - Limitation of actions - See paragraphs 133 to 148.

Torts - Topic 6152

Abuse of legal procedure - Malicious prosecution - Elements of - See paragraphs 65 to 84.

Torts - Topic 6156

Abuse of legal procedure - Malicious prosecution - Malice - What constitutes - See paragraphs 76 to 84.

Torts - Topic 6161

Abuse of legal procedure - Malicious prosecution - Reasonable and probable cause - See paragraphs 69 to 117.

Torts - Topic 6163

Abuse of legal procedure - Malicious prosecution - Persons responsible - See paragraphs 97 to 117.

Torts - Topic 6254

Abuse of legal procedure - Malicious prosecution - Abuse of process - What constitutes - See paragraphs 85 to 96.

Cases Noticed:

Vaillancourt et al. v. Watson et al. (1994), 69 O.A.C. 227 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 7].

Paluska v. Cava et al. (2002), 158 O.A.C. 319; 59 O.R.(3d) 469 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 48].

Nelles v. Ontario et al., [1989] 2 S.C.R. 170; 98 N.R. 321; 35 O.A.C. 161, refd to. [para. 54].

R. v. Godoy (V.), [1999] 1 S.C.R. 311; 235 N.R. 134; 117 O.A.C. 127, refd to. [para. 58].

R. v. Dedman, [1985] 2 S.C.R. 2; 60 N.R. 34; 11 O.A.C. 241, refd to. [para. 58].

R. v. Kubassek (E.) (2004), 189 O.A.C. 339; 188 C.C.C.(3d) 307 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 63, footnote 17].

Ship Reward, Re (1818), 2 Dods. 265; 165 E.R. 1482, refd to. [para. 63, footnote 17].

Oniel v. Metropolitan Toronto Police Force et al. (2001), 141 O.A.C. 201; 195 D.L.R.(4th) 59 (C.A.), leave to appeal refused (2001), 284 N.R. 397; 158 O.A.C. 199 (S.C.C.), refd to. [para. 69].

Hicks v. Faulkner (1878), 8 Q.B.D. 167, refd to. [para. 70].

Proulx v. Québec (Procureur général), [2001] 3 S.C.R. 9; 276 N.R. 201, refd to. [para. 71].

Folland v. Ontario et al. (2003), 170 O.A.C. 17; 64 O.R.(3d) 89 (C.A.), leave to appeal refused (2003), 325 N.R. 391; 194 O.A.C. 200 (S.C.C.), refd to. [para. 71, footnote 19].

Hill et al. v. Hamilton-Wentworth Regional Police Services Board et al., [2003] O.T.C. 240; 64 O.R.(3d) 28 (Sup. Ct.), refd to. [para. 71, footnote 20].

Scott v. Ontario et al., [2002] O.T.C. 832 (Sup. Ct.), refd to. [para. 71, footnote 20].

H.S. v. P.S.M. et al., [2002] O.T.C. Uned. 316 (Sup. Ct.), refd to. [para. 71, footnote 20].

R. v. Sacrey (E.) (2003), 225 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 80; 672 A.P.R. 80 (Nfld. T.D.), refd to. [para. 71, footnote 20].

Kvello et al. v. Miazga et al. (2003), 242 Sask.R. 19 (Q.B.), refd to. [para. 71, footnote 20].

Filion v. Québec (Procureur général), [2003] JQ. no. 19984 (C.S.), refd to. [para. 71, footnote 20].

Metrick v. Deeb et al. (2003), 172 O.A.C. 229 (C.A.), leave to appeal refused [2004] S.C.R. viii; 329 N.R. 392; 195 O.A.C. 398, refd to. [para. 85].

Scintilore Explorations Ltd. v. Larche et al. (1999), 107 O.T.C. 161; 48 B.L.R.(2d) 248 (Sup. Ct.), refd to. [para. 86, footnote 30].

Westjet Airlines Ltd. v. Air Canada, [2005] O.J. No. 2310 (Sup. Ct.), refd to. [para. 86, footnote 30].

Aristocrat Restaurants Ltd. v. Ontario, [2004] O.J. No. 5164 (Sup. Ct.), refd to. [para. 86, footnote 30].

BMO Nesbitt Burns Inc. v. Wellington West Capital Inc. et al., [2004] O.T.C. Uned. 903 (Sup. Ct.), refd to. [para. 86, footnote 30].

Deep v. Ontario et al., [2004] O.T.C. 541 (Sup. Ct.), affd. [2005] O.A.C. Uned. 182 (C.A.) refd to. [para. 86, footnote 30].

Yew v. Globe and Mail et al., [2002] O.T.C. 7 (Sup. Ct.), refd to. [para. 86, footnote 30].

Lee v. Globe and Mail - see Yew v. Globe and Mail et al.

Metropolitan Separate School Board v. Taylor (1994), 21 C.C.L.T.(2d) 316 (Ont. Gen. Div.), refd to. [para. 86, footnote 30].

Dooley v. Webber (C.N.) Ltd. (1994), 19 O.R.(3d) 779 (Gen. Div.), refd to. [para. 86, footnote 30].

Teledata Communications Inc. v. Westburne Industrial Enterprises Ltd. (1990), 65 D.L.R.(4th) 636 (Ont. H.C.), refd to. [para. 86, footnote 30].

Cholkan (R.) & Co. v. Brinker (1990), 71 O.R.(2d) 381 (H.C.), refd to. [para. 86, footnote 30].

Tsiopoulos v. Commercial Union Assurance Co. (1986), 57 O.R.(2d) 117 (H.C.), refd to. [para. 86, footnote 30].

Leadbeater v. Ontario et al., [2001] O.T.C. 661 (Sup. Ct.), refd to. [para. 97].

R. v. Hinchey (M.F.) and Hinchey (B.A.), [1996] 3 S.C.R. 1128; 205 N.R. 161; 147 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 1; 459 A.P.R. 1, refd to. [para. 109].

Milgaard v. Kujawa et al. (1994), 123 Sask.R. 164; 74 W.A.C. 164; 118 D.L.R.(4th) 653 (C.A.), leave to appeal refused (1995), 186 N.R. 77; 134 Sask.R. 320; 101 W.A.C. 320 (S.C.C.), refd to. [para. 118].

Odhavji Estate et al. v. Woodhouse et al., [2003] 3 S.C.R. 263; 312 N.R. 305; 180 O.A.C. 201, refd to. [para. 118].

Saskatchewan Wheat Pool v. Canada, [1983] 1 S.C.R. 205; 45 N.R. 425, refd to. [para. 119].

Botiuk v. Bardyn et al., [1995] 3 S.C.R. 3; 186 N.R. 1; 85 O.A.C. 81, refd to. [para. 124].

Botiuk v. Toronto Free Press Publications Ltd. - see Botiuk v. Bardyn et al.

Johnston v. Burton (1970), 16 D.L.R.(3d) 660 (Man. Q.B.), refd to. [para. 124, footnote 45].

Bains v. Hofs (1992), 76 B.C.L.R.(2d) 98 (S.C.), refd to. [para. 124, footnote 45].

New South Wales (Attorney General) v. Perpetual Trustee Co. et al., [1955] 1 All E.R. 846 (P.C.), refd to. [para. 126].

Meyers and Guelph (City) v. Hoffman, [1955] O.R. 965 (H.C.), refd to. [para. 126, footnote 46].

McCleave Estate v. Moncton (City) (1902), 32 S.C.R. 106, refd to. [para. 126, footnote 47].

Beaudoin v. Hall and McCarthy (1930), 38 O.W.N. 262 (H.C.), refd to. [para. 126, footnote 48].

Webb v. Waterloo Regional Police Services Board et al., [2000] O.T.C. 657 (Sup. Ct.), affd. (2002), 161 O.A.C. 86 (C.A.), leave to appeal refused (2003), 312 N.R. 196; 181 O.A.C. 199 (S.C.C.), refd to. [para. 128].

Medwid v. Ontario, [1992] O.J. No. 177 (Gen. Div.), leave to appeal refused [1992] O.J. No. 736 (Div. Ct.), refd to. [para. 129, footnote 51].

Romagnuolo et al. v. Hoskin et al., [2001] O.T.C. 673 (Sup. Ct.), refd to. [para. 131].

Romagnuolo v. York (Regional Municipality) Police - see Romagnuolo et al. v. Hoskin et al.

Pringle v. London (City) Police Force et al., [1997] O.A.C. Uned. 246 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 131, footnote 54].

Pispidikis v. Scroggie et al., [2002] O.T.C. 1033; 62 O.R.(3d) 596 (Sup. Ct.), refd to. [para. 131, footnote 54].

Chmielewski v. Niagara Police Services Board et al., [2004] O.T.C. 646 (Sup. Ct.), refd to. [para. 131, footnote 54].

Angus v. Hart and Angus and Sun Alliance Insurance Co., [1988] 2 S.C.R. 256; 87 N.R. 200; 30 O.A.C. 210, refd to. [para. 133, footnote 55].

Ahmed et al. v. Ontario, [2004] O.T.C. 923 (Sup. Ct.), refd to. [para. 133, footnote 55].

Ontario (Attorney General) v. Palmer (1979), 28 O.R.(2d) 35 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 133, footnote 56].

Des Champs v. Conseil des écoles séparées catholiques de langue fançaise de Prescott-Russell, [1999] 3 S.C.R. 281; 245 N.R. 201; 125 O.A.C. 279, refd to. [para. 134].

Prete v. Ontario et al. (1993), 68 O.A.C. 1; 16 O.R.(3d) 161 (C.A.), leave to appeal refused [1994] 1 S.C.R. x; 175 N.R. 322; 72 O.A.C. 160, refd to. [para. 135, footnote 57].

Yule v. Mamakwa et al. (1998), 81 O.T.C. 278 (Gen. Div.), refd to. [para. 135, footnote 57].

Collins v. Brantford Police Services Board (2001), 151 O.A.C. 152 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 135, footnote 57].

Smythson v. Priestman, [1958] O.R. 7 (C.A.), varied [1959] S.C.R. 615, refd to. [para. 136, footnote 58].

Kennedy v. Tomlinson et al. (1958), 13 D.L.R.(2d) 734 (Ont. H.C.), revd. (1959), 20 D.L.R.(2d) 273 (Ont. C.A.), leave to appeal refused (1959), 20 D.L.R.(2d) 318 (S.C.C.), refd to. [para. 136, footnote 58].

Ihnat v. Jenkins et al., [1972] 2 O.R. 534 (H.C.), affd. [1972] 3 O.R. 629 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 136, footnote 58].

Nicely v. Basse et al. (1991), 44 O.A.C. 147; 2 O.R.(3d) 612 (Div. Ct.), refd to. [para. 136, footnote 58].

Nicely v. Waterloo Regional Police (Chief of Police) - see Nicely v. Basse et al.

DeHeus v. Niagara Regional Police Services Board et al., [2005] O.T.C. Uned. 248 (Sup. Ct.), refd to. [para. 136, footnote 58].

Lang v. Sudbury Regional Police Services Board et al., [2000] O.T.C. 42 (Sup. Ct.), refd to. [para. 136, footnote 58].

McNabb et al. v. Ontario (Attorney General) et al., [2000] O.T.C. 567; 50 O.R.(3d) 402 (Sup. Ct.), refd to. [para. 136, footnote 58].

Fiset et al. v. Toronto Police Services Board et al., [1999] O.T.C. Uned. B99 (Sup. Ct.), affd. (2001), 153 O.A.C. 153 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 136, footnote 58].

Beardsley v. Ontario et al. (2001), 151 O.A.C. 324; 57 O.R.(3d) 1 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 137].

Mota v. Hamilton-Wentworth (Regional Municipality) et al. (2003), 170 O.A.C. 28; 63 O.R.(3d) 737 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 139].

Alkasabi v. Ontario, [1994] O.J. No. 1503 (Gen. Div.), refd to. [para. 142].

Croft v. Durham (Regional Municipality) Police Services Board (1993), 15 O.R.(3d) 216 (Gen. Div.), refd to. [para. 142].

Ward v. Maracle (1995), 24 O.R.(3d) 148 (Gen. Div.), refd to. [para. 142].

Scammell (G.) & Nephew Ltd. v. Hurley et al., [1929] 1 K.B. 419 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 144].

Perna v. Royal Canadian Mounted Police, [1993] O.J. No. 451 (Gen. Div.), refd to. [para. 145].

Raffman v. Crawford, [1963] 2 O.R. 37 (H.C.), refd to. [para. 145, footnote 59].

Schenck et al. v. Ontario (No. 2) (1982), 40 O.R.(2d) 410 (H.C.), affd. (1985), 49 O.R.(2d) 556 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 145, footnote 59].

Dowson v. Chisholm (1983), 22 A.C.W.S.(2d) 402, refd to. [para. 145, footnote 59].

Dowson v. Chisholm (1985), 34 A.C.W.S.(2d) 146, affd. (1987), 5 A.C.W.S.(3d) 314, refd to. [para. 145, footnote 59].

Schnurr v. Royal Ottawa Hospital (1986), 15 O.A.C. 382; 56 O.R.(2d) 589 (C.A.), leave to appeal refused (1987), 76 N.R. 79; 21 O.A.C. 240; 57 O.R.(2d) 640 (S.C.C.), refd to. [para. 145, footnote 59].

Olympia Interiors Ltd. et al. v. Minister of National Revenue (1993), 66 F.T.R. 81 (T.D.), affd. (1994), 170 N.R. 281 (F.C.A.), refd to. [para. 145].

Olympia Interiors Ltd. v. Canada - see Olympia Interiors Ltd. et al. v. Minister of National Revenue.

Cascone v. Rodney et al. (1981), 34 O.R.(2d) 618 (H.C.), refd to. [para. 145].

Selmes v. Judge et al. (1871), L.R. 6 Q.B. 724, refd to. [para. 145, footnote 60].

Al's Steak House and Tavern Inc. et al. v. Deloitte & Touche et al. (1997), 102 O.A.C. 144 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 146].

Canadian Foundation for Children, Youth and the Law v. Canada (Attorney General), [2004] 1 S.C.R. 76; 315 N.R. 201; 183 O.A.C. 1, refd to. [para. 149].

R. v. Mills, [1986] 1 S.C.R. 863; 67 N.R. 241; 16 O.A.C. 81, refd to. [para. 152].

R. v. Rahey, [1987] 1 S.C.R. 588; 75 N.R. 81; 78 N.S.R.(2d) 183; 193 A.P.R. 183, refd to. [para. 152].

McKinney v. University of Guelph, [1990] 3 S.C.R. 229; 118 N.R. 1; 45 O.A.C. 1, refd to. [para. 154].

RJR-MacDonald Inc. et Imperial Tobacco Ltd. v. Canada (Procureur général), [1994] 1 S.C.R. 311; 164 N.R. 1; 60 Q.A.C. 241, refd to. [para. 155].

Crossman v. Canada (1984), 9 D.L.R.(4th) 588 (F.C.T.D.), refd to. [para. 158].

Jane Doe v. Board of Police Commissioners of Metropolitan Toronto et al. (1998), 60 O.T.C. 321; 39 O.R.(3d) 487 (Gen. Div.), refd to. [para. 159].

McTaggart v. Ontario (Attorney General) et al., [2000] O.T.C. 855 (Sup. Ct.), refd to. [para. 160].

Ernst v. Quinonez et al., [2003] O.T.C. 847 (Sup. Ct.), refd to. [para. 161].

Scorpio Rising Software Inc. and Pederson v. Saskatchewan (Attorney General), Crawford and Lindskog (1986), 46 Sask.R. 230 (Q.B.), refd to. [para. 163].

McGillivary v. New Brunswick and Moncton (City) (1994), 149 N.B.R.(2d) 311; 381 A.P.R. 311; 116 D.L.R.(4th) 104 (C.A.), leave to appeal refused (1995), 188 N.R. 319; 164 N.B.R.(2d) 317; 421 A.P.R. 317 (S.C.C.), refd to. [para. 164].

Alford v. Canada (Attorney General), [1997] B.C.T.C. Uned. 123; 31 B.C.L.R.(3d) 228 (S.C.), affd. [1998] B.C.A.C. Uned. 199 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 165].

Sens v. Dobko (2000), 202 Sask.R. 256 (Q.B.), refd to. [para. 166].

Chrispen v. Kalinowski (1997), 156 Sask.R. 58; 148 D.L.R.(4th) 720 (Q.B.), refd to. [para. 166].

Pinnock v. Ontario, [2001] O.J. No. 2921 (Sup. Ct.), refd to. [para. 167].

Bond v. Ontario et al., [2002] O.T.C. 658 (Sup. Ct.), refd to. [para. 167].

Ding v. Canada, [2005] F.T.R. Uned. 288 (F.C.), refd to. [para. 168].

Rice, P.C.J. v. New Brunswick, [2002] 1 S.C.R. 405; 282 N.R. 201; 245 N.B.R.(2d) 299; 636 A.P.R. 299, refd to. [para. 169].

Mackin v. New Brunswick (Minister of Finance) - see Rice, P.C.J. v. New Brunswick.

Stenner v. British Columbia Securities Commission, [1993] B.C.J. No. 2359 (S.C.), refd to. [para. 173].

Persaud v. Donaldson et al. (1995), 25 O.R.(3d) 270 (Gen. Div.), revd. (1997), 97 O.A.C. 216; 32 O.R.(3d) 349 (Div. Ct.), refd to. [para. 174].

Euteneier v. Lee et al., [2003] O.J. No. 4239 (Div. Ct.), revd. (2005), 202 O.A.C. 278 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 176].

Lord v. Allison, [1986] B.C.J. No. 3205 (S.C.), refd to. [para. 178].

R. v. R.G.F. (1991), 90 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 113; 280 A.P.R. 113 (Nfld. T.D.), refd to. [para. 179].

Krznaric v. Chevrette et al. (1997), 48 O.T.C. 85; 154 D.L.R.(4th) 527 (Gen. Div.), refd to. [para. 180].

Dulude v. Canada (2000), 264 N.R. 1; 192 D.L.R.(4th) 714 (F.C.A.), refd to. [para. 181].

Auton et al. v. British Columbia (Minister of Health) et al., [2001] B.C.T.C. 220; 197 D.L.R.(4th) 165 (S.C.), varied (2002), 173 B.C.A.C. 114; 283 W.A.C. 114; 220 D.L.R.(4th) 411 (C.A.), revd. [2004] 3 S.C.R. 657; 327 N.R. 1; 206 B.C.A.C. 1; 338 W.A.C. 1, refd to. [para. 182].

Morin v. Board of Education of Regional Administrative Unit No. 3 (2004), 233 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 271; 693 A.P.R. 271 (P.E.I.T.D.), refd to. [para. 183].

Welbridge Holdings Ltd. v. Greater Winnipeg (Municipality), [1971] S.C.R. 957, refd to. [para. 187].

Central Canada Potash Co. et al. v. Saskatchewan, [1979] 1 S.C.R. 42; 23 N.R. 481, refd to. [para. 187, footnote 72].

Crown Trust Co. et al. v. Ontario et al. (1986), 14 O.A.C. 137; 54 O.R.(2d) 79 (Div. Ct.), refd to. [para. 187, footnote 72].

Guimond v. Québec (Procureur général), [1996] 3 S.C.R. 347; 201 N.R. 380, refd to. [para. 187, footnote 72].

R. v. Big M Drug Mart Ltd., [1985] 1 S.C.R. 295; 58 N.R. 81; 60 A.R. 161, refd to. [para. 191].

R. v. 974649 Ontario Inc. et al., [2001] 3 S.C.R. 575; 279 N.R. 345; 154 O.A.C. 345, refd to. [para. 192].

Doucet-Boudreau et al. v. Nova Scotia (Minister of Education) et al., [2003] 3 S.C.R. 3; 312 N.R. 1; 218 N.S.R.(2d) 311; 687 A.P.R. 311, refd to. [para. 192].

Southam Inc. v. Hunter, [1984] 2 S.C.R. 145; 55 N.R. 241; 55 A.R. 291, refd to. [para. 194, footnote 74].

Law v. Minister of Employment and Immigration, [1999] 1 S.C.R. 497; 236 N.R. 1, refd to. [para. 194, footnote 74].

Beckstead v. Ottawa Police, [1997] O.A.C. Uned. 568; 37 O.R.(3d) 62 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 194, footnote 75].

Hill et al. v. Hamilton-Wentworth Regional Police Services Board et al. (2005), 202 O.A.C. 310 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 194, footnote 75].

R. v. Therens, [1985] 1 S.C.R. 613; 59 N.R. 122; 40 Sask.R. 122, refd to. [para. 196].

R. v. Mann (P.H.), [2004] 3 S.C.R. 59; 324 N.R. 215; 187 Man.R.(2d) 1; 330 W.A.C. 1, refd to. [para. 198].

Bauder v. Wilson, [1988] B.C.J. No. 1561 (S.C.), refd to. [para. 199].

Breen v. Saunders and Fredericton (City) (1986), 71 N.B.R.(2d) 404; 182 A.P.R. 404 (T.D.), refd to. [para. 199, footnote 77].

Dix v. Canada (Attorney General) et al. (2002), 315 A.R. 1 (Q.B.), refd to. [para. 199, footnote 77].

Schachter v. Canada et al., [1992] 2 S.C.R. 679; 139 N.R. 1, refd to. [para. 200].

Sauvé v. Canada (Chief Electoral Officer) et al., [2002] 3 S.C.R. 519; 294 N.R. 1, refd to. [para. 205, footnote 82].

Blencoe v. Human Rights Commission (B.C.) et al., [2000] 2 S.C.R. 307; 260 N.R. 1; 141 B.C.A.C. 161; 231 W.A.C. 161, refd to. [para. 205, footnote 82].

R. v. O'Connor (H.P.), [1995] 4 S.C.R. 411; 191 N.R. 1; 68 B.C.A.C. 1; 112 W.A.C. 1, refd to. [para. 205, footnote 82].

Hamalengwa v. Duncan (2005), 202 O.A.C. 233 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 207].

Yang et al. v. Mao (1995), 23 O.R.(3d) 466 (Gen. Div.), refd to. [para. 207].

744185 Ontario Inc. v. Monk et al., [2002] O.T.C. 122 (Sup. Ct.), refd to. [para. 207].

Statutes Noticed:

Police Services Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. P-15, sect. 50 [para. 126].

Authors and Works Noticed:

Archibald, Todd L., and Cochrane, Michael, Annual Review of Civil Litigation 2001 (2002), pp. 9, 10 [para. 103, footnote 39].

Archibald, Todd L., The Widening Net of Liability for Police and Public Officials in the Investigation of Crimes, in Archibald, Todd L., and Cochrane, Michael, Annual Review of Civil Litigation 2001 (2002), pp. 9, 10 [para. 103, footnote 39].

Cooper-Stevenson, K., Tort Theory for the Charter Damages Remedy (1988), 52(1) Sask. L.R. 3, generally [para. 152, footnote 64].

Ewaschuk, Eugene G., The Charter: An Overview and Remedies (1982), 26 C.R.(3d) 54, generally [para. 152, footnote 64].

Fleming, John G., The Law of Torts (4th Ed. 1971), p. 548 [para. 85].

Fleming, John G., The Law of Torts (8th Ed. 1992), generally [para. 124, footnote 45].

Fleming, John G., The Law of Torts (9th Ed. 1998), pp. 673 [para. 65, footnote 18]; 677 [para. 101, footnote 38]; 685 [paras. 78, 82, footnotes 26, 28]; 686 [para. 78, footnote 26]; 688 [paras. 88, 93, footnotes 32, 36].

Hogg, Peter W., and Monahan, Patrick J., Liability of the Crown (3rd Ed. 2000), p. 76 [para. 54, footnote 16].

Otis, Ghislain, Constitutional Liability for the Infringement of Rights Per Se: A Misguided Theory (1992), 26 U.B.C. L. Rev. 21, generally [para. 204, footnote 80].

Otis, Ghislain, Personal Liability of Public Officials for Constitutional Wrongdoing: A Neglected Issue of Charter Application (1996), 24 Man. L.J. 23, generally [para. 152, footnote 64].

Pilkington, Marilyn L., Damages as a Remedy for Infringement of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms (1984), 62 Can. Bar Rev. 517, generally [para. 152, footnote 64].

Roach, Kent, Charter Remedies in Litigation Against the Government (2002), generally [para. 191, footnote 73].

Roach, Kent, Constitutional Remedies in Canada (2004), paras. 11.480 [para. 156, footnote 65]; 11.560 [paras. 184, 197, footnotes 70, 76]; 11.740 [para. 204, footnote 79].

Tarnopolsky, Walter S., and Beaudoin, Gerald A., The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms: Commentary (1982), pp. 502, 503 [para. 152, footnote 64].

Counsel:

A.I. Pribetic, for the plaintiffs/defendants by counterclaim;

B.G. Shiller, for the defendant/plaintiff by counterclaim, Abdul-Karim Bapoo;

M. Fleishman and J. Hunter, for the defendants, Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Ontario, The Attorney General of Ontario, Louis A. Richer and Mary-Anne Mars (née Mackett).

This case was heard on January 31, February 1-4 and 7-11, 2005, by T. Ducharme, J., of the Ontario Superior Court, who released the following decision on October 11, 2005.

Please note: The following judgment has not been edited.