MacKinnon v. National Money Mart Co. et al., 2004 BCCA 472
Judge | Esson, Saunders, Low, Levine and Thackray, JJ.A. |
Court | Court of Appeal (British Columbia) |
Case Date | September 24, 2004 |
Jurisdiction | British Columbia |
Citations | 2004 BCCA 472;(2004), 203 B.C.A.C. 85 (CA) |
MacKinnon v. Nat. Money Mart (2004), 203 B.C.A.C. 85 (CA);
332 W.A.C. 85
MLB headnote and full text
Temp. Cite: [2004] B.C.A.C. TBEd. OC.003
Kurt MacKinnon (respondent/plaintiff) v. Instaloans Financial Solution Centres (Kelowna) Ltd., Instaloans Financial Solution Centres (Mgmt.) Ltd., Instaloans Financial Solution Centres (Vernon) Ltd. and Instaloans Financial Solution Centres (B.C.) Ltd. (appellants/defendants) and National Money Mart Company, Canadian Cheque Cashing Corporation, Payroll Loans Ltd., Pay Credit (B.C.) Ltd., Stop N'Cash 1000 Inc., Sorensen's Loans 'Til Payday Inc., Cash Factory Loans Inc., 594506 B.C. Ltd., Kleincorp Mgmt. Inc., Check Station Inc., Ca$hier Inc., Nationwide Payday Advance Ltd., The Little Loan Shoppe Ltd., Cash Advantage Services Inc., John Doe No. 1 dba Cash Exchange, Moneypot Financial Services Inc., 555538 B.C. Ltd., Mr. Payday Easy Loans Inc., The Yellow Cash Centre Inc., Clinton Tynes dba Cash Quick Services, Cash Now Financial Services Inc., John Doe No. 2 dba Premiere Cash Advance, Money Sense Check Services Inc. and 911 Cash Corp. (defendants)
(CA031630)
Kurt MacKinnon (respondent/plaintiff) v. Cash Factory Loans Inc., Clinton Tynes dba Cash Quick Services, The Little Loan Shoppe Ltd., Mr. Payday Easy Loans Inc., 594506 B.C. Ltd., John Doe No. 2 dba Premier Cash Advance, Moneypot Financial Services Inc., Sorensen's Loans 'Til Payday Inc. and John Doe No. 1 dba Cash Exchange (appellants/defendants)
(CA031632)
Kurt MacKinnon (respondent/plaintiff) v. Cash Advantage Services Inc. (appellant/defendant)
(CA031633)
Kurt MacKinnon (respondent/plaintiff) v. 555538 B.C. Ltd. (appellant/defendant)
(CA031637; 2004 BCCA 472)
Indexed As: MacKinnon v. National Money Mart Co. et al.
British Columbia Court of Appeal
Esson, Saunders, Low, Levine and Thackray, JJ.A.
September 24, 2004.
Summary:
The plaintiff brought an action as an intended class action under the Class Proceedings Act against the defendant businesses, all of whom provided short-term "payday" loans for a fee. The plaintiff alleged that the fees and charges resulted in a criminal rate of interest. The plaintiff, as the sole named plaintiff (certification not yet sought), had a contractual relationship with only four of the defendants. The defendants who had no contractual relationship with the plaintiff applied under rule 19(24)(a) to strike the statement of claim as failing to disclose a cause of action against them. The defendants submitted that an action commenced under the Act must allege a cause of action between the representative plaintiff and each defendant.
The British Columbia Supreme Court, in a judgment reported [2004] B.C.T.C. 140, dismissed the application. There was no requirement that a representative plaintiff have a cause of action against each defendant. The defendants appealed.
The British Columbia Court of Appeal dismissed the appeal.
Practice - Topic 209.4
Persons who can sue and be sued - Individuals and corporations - Status or standing - Class actions - Certification - Appointment of representative plaintiff - The plaintiff brought an action as an intended class action under the Class Proceedings Act against the defendant businesses, all of whom provided short-term "payday" loans for a fee - The plaintiff alleged that the fees and charges resulted in a criminal rate of interest - The plaintiff, as the sole named plaintiff (certification not yet sought), had a contractual relationship with only four of the defendants - The defendants who had no contractual relationship with the plaintiff applied under rule 19(24)(a) to strike the statement of claim as failing to disclose a cause of action against them - The defendants submitted that an action commenced under the Act must allege a cause of action between the representative plaintiff and each defendant - Section 4(1)(a) of the Act required that pleadings disclose a cause of action - The British Columbia Court of Appeal affirmed that the representative plaintiff need not have a cause of action against each and every defendant - The court stated that "while the Act requires a cause of action against each named defendant, that cause of action must be held by class members, not necessarily the representative plaintiff".
Practice - Topic 2230
Pleadings - Striking out pleadings - Grounds - Failure to disclose a cause of action or defence - [See Practice - Topic 209.4 ].
Cases Noticed:
Hoy v. Medtronic Inc. et al. (2003), 183 B.C.A.C. 165; 301 W.A.C. 165; 14 B.C.L.R.(4th) 32; 2003 BCCA 316, refd to. [para. 1].
Hollick v. Metropolitan Toronto (Municipality) et al., [2001] 3 S.C.R. 158; 277 N.R. 51; 153 O.A.C. 279; 2001 SCC 68, refd to. [para. 1].
Campbell et al. v. Flexwatt Corp. et al. (1997), 98 B.C.A.C. 22; 161 W.A.C. 22; 44 B.C.L.R.(3d) 343; 15 C.P.C.(4th) 1 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 2].
Ragoonanan Estate et al. v. Imperial Tobacco Canada Ltd. et al., [2000] O.T.C. 873; 51 O.R.(3d) 603; 4 C.C.L.T.(3d) 603 (Sup. Ct.), dist. [para. 13].
Hughes v. Sunbeam Corp. (Canada) Ltd. et al. (2002), 165 O.A.C. 68; 61 O.R.(3d) 433; 219 D.L.R.(4th) 467 (C.A.), dist. [para. 13].
Harrington v. Dow Corning Corp. et al. (2000), 144 B.C.A.C. 51; 236 W.A.C. 51; 82 B.C.L.R.(3d) 1; 2000 BCCA 605, affing. (1996), 22 B.C.L.R.(3d) 97 (S.C.), refd to. [para. 13].
Furlan et al. v. Shell Oil Co. et al. (2000), 140 B.C.A.C. 235; 229 W.A.C. 235; 77 B.C.L.R.(3d) 35; 2000 BCCA 404, refd to. [para. 14].
Eaton Vance Corp. Securities Litigation, Re (2003), 219 F.R.D. 38; 2003 U.S. Dist. Lexis 22766 (D. Mass.), dist. [para. 23].
Philip Morris (Australia) Ltd. v. Nixon (2000), 170 A.L.R. 487 (F.C.A.F.C.), dist. [para. 24].
MacKinnon v. Vancouver City Savings Credit Union, [2004] B.C.T.C. 125; 24 B.C.L.R.(4th) 340; 2004 BCSC 125, refd to. [para. 28].
Edmonds v. Actton Super-Save Gas Stations Ltd., [1996] B.C.J. No. 2050 (S.C.), refd to. [para. 32].
Hunt v. T & N plc et al., [1990] 2 S.C.R. 959; 117 N.R. 321, refd to. [para. 36].
Hunt v. Carey Canada Inc. - see Hunt v. T & N plc et al.
Elms et al. v. Laurentian Bank of Canada et al. (2001), 155 B.C.A.C. 73; 254 W.A.C. 73; 90 B.C.L.R.(3d) 195; 2001 BCCA 429, refd to. [para. 37].
Finlay v. Canada, [1986] 2 S.C.R. 607; 71 N.R. 338; 33 D.L.R.(4th) 321, refd to. [para. 43].
Borowski v. Canada (Minister of Justice) et al., [1981] 2 S.C.R. 575; 39 N.R. 331, refd to. [para. 43].
Ontario New Home Warranty Program v. Chevron Chemical Co. (1989), 46 O.R.(3d) 130; 39 C.P.C.(4th) 175 (S.C.), refd to. [para. 44].
Penderville Apartments Development Partnership v. Cressey Development Corp. (1990), 43 B.C.L.R.(2d) 57; 39 C.P.C.(2d) 18 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 44].
Bell ExpressVu Limited Partnership v. Rex et al., [2002] 2 S.C.R. 559; 287 N.R. 248; 166 B.C.A.C. 1; 271 W.A.C. 1; 2002 SCC 42, refd to. [para. 48].
Lupsor Estate v. Middlesex Mutual Insurance Co., [2003] O.J. No. 1038 (Sup. Ct.), refd to. [para. 54].
Amchem Products Inc. et al. v. Workers' Compensation Board (B.C.), [1993] 1 S.C.R. 897; 150 N.R. 321; 23 B.C.A.C. 1; 39 W.A.C. 1, refd to. [para. 56].
Statutes Noticed:
Class Proceedings Act, R.S.B.C. 1996, c. 50, sect. 2 [para. 6]; sect. 4(1)(a) [para. 8]; sect. 15(1) [para. 46].
Rules of Court (B.C.), rule 4(4.1)(a) [para. 3]; rule 19(24)(a) [para. 35]; rule 40 [para. 10].
Authors and Works Noticed:
Morabito, V., Standing to Sue and Multiple Defendant Class Actions in Australia, Canada and the United States (2003), 41 Alta. L. Rev. 295, p. 309 [para. 25].
Counsel:
S.W. Chambers and G. Pun, for the appellants, Instaloans Financial Solution Centres;
W.K. Branch and L.P. Brasil, for the appellants, Cash Factory Loans Inc., Clinton Tynes dba Cash Quick Services, The Little Loan Shoppe Ltd., Mr. Payday Easy Loans Inc., 594506 B.C. Ltd., John Doe No. 2 dba Premiere Cash Advance, Moneypot Financial Services Inc., Sorensen's Loans 'Til Payday Inc. and John Doe No. 1 dba Cash Exchange;
J.M. Hutchison, Q.C., for the appellant, Cash Advantage Services Inc.;
O. Kowarsky, for the appellant, 555538 B.C. Ltd.;
P.R. Bennett and M.W. Mounteer, for the respondent.
This appeal was heard on April 15, 2004, at Vancouver, B.C., before Esson, Saunders, Low, Levine and Thackray, JJ.A., of the British Columbia Court of Appeal.
On September 24, 2004, Saunders, J.A., delivered the following judgment for the Court of Appeal.
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