Martin v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration), (2005) 268 F.T.R. 74 (FC)

JudgeMartineau, J.
CourtFederal Court (Canada)
Case DateDecember 16, 2004
JurisdictionCanada (Federal)
Citations(2005), 268 F.T.R. 74 (FC);2005 FC 60

Martin v. Can. (M.C.I.) (2005), 268 F.T.R. 74 (FC)

MLB headnote and full text

Temp. Cite: [2005] F.T.R. TBEd. FE.010

Claudette Marri Martin (applicant) v. The Minister of Citizenship and Immigration (respondent)

(IMM-472-04; 2005 FC 60)

Indexed As: Martin v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration)

Federal Court

Martineau, J.

January 17, 2005.

Summary:

Martin came to Canada from Jamaica in 1983 and became a permanent resident in 1991. In 2002 she was convicted of importing cocaine (three year sentence) and acknowledging an instrument in a false name (six months concurrent). She actually served six months of imprisonment plus six months in a halfway house. The Immigration Division of the Immigration Refugee Board determined that Martin was inadmissible on the basis of criminality (Immigration and Refugee Protection Act (IRPA), s. 36(1)(a)) and a deportation order was issued. Martin appealed; however, before the appeal was heard, the Minister of Citizenship and Immigration brought a motion requesting the summary dismissal of the appeal. The Immigration Appeal Division allowed the Minister's application and dismissed the appeal for want of jurisdiction. The Appeal Division considered that Martin's three year sentence brought her within the ambit of s. 64(1) of the IRPA which barred an appeal by a permanent resident who had been found inadmissible on the grounds of serious criminality. Section 64(2) provided that for purposes of s. 64(1), serious criminality had to be with respect to a crime that was punished in Canada by a term of imprisonment of at least two years. Martin applied for judicial review.

The Federal Court dismissed the application but certified the following questions for determination by the Court of Appeal:

"a) Does the word 'punished' used in s. 64(2) of the IRPA with respect to a term of imprisonment refer to the sentence of imprisonment imposed or the actual time served in prison?

"b) Does s. 64(2) of the IRPA violate s. 7 of the Charter in a manner which cannot be justified under s. 1 of the Charter?"

Aliens - Topic 1797.2

Exclusion and expulsion - Deportation and exclusion of persons in Canada - Deportation or removal order - Appeals or judicial review - Section 64(1) of the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act barred an appeal by a permanent resident who became inadmissible on the grounds of serious criminality - Section 64(2) provided that for purposes of s. 64(1), serious criminality had to be with respect to a crime that was "punished" in Canada by a term of imprisonment of at least two years - Martin, whose appeal was claimed by immigration authorities to be barred by s. 64(2), claimed that s. 64(2) was contrary to s. 7 of the Charter - The Federal Court held that, assuming that this section violated Martin's right to liberty (i.e., that the Charter was engaged), s. 64(2) was not contrary to the principles of fundamental justice and therefore was not contrary to s. 7 - See paragraphs 22 to 50.

Aliens - Topic 1797.2

Exclusion and expulsion - Deportation and exclusion of persons in Canada - Deportation or removal order - Appeals or judicial review - [See Aliens - Topic 1844 ].

Aliens - Topic 1844

Exclusion and expulsion - Immigration and Refugee Board (incl. Immigration Appeal Division) - Jurisdiction - A permanent resident was convicted of criminal offences and given a three year sentence - She served six months of imprisonment plus six months in a halfway house - Section 64(1) of the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act (IRPA) barred an appeal by a permanent resident who became inadmissible on the grounds of serious criminality - Section 64(2) provided that for purposes of s. 64(1), serious criminality had to be with respect to a crime that was "punished" in Canada by a term of imprisonment of at least two years - Martin claimed that she was not caught by s. 64(2) of the IRPA because her actual punishment by imprisonment lasted only six months (and an additional six months in a half-way house) - She argued that the phrase "punished in Canada by a term of imprisonment" used in s. 64(2) referred to the length of time actually served in prison - The Federal Court rejected Martin's argument, holding that s. 64(2) referred to the sentence which was actually imposed and not the length of time served in prison - Here Martin was "punished" by three years' imprisonment because that was the sentence she received - She therefore had no right of appeal under s. 64(2) of the IRPA and the Immigration Appeal Division of the Immigration and Refugee Board lacked jurisdiction to hear her appeal - See paragraphs 8 to 21.

Aliens - Topic 4066

Practice - Judicial review and appeals - When available - [See first Aliens - Topic 1797.2 and Aliens - Topic 1844 ].

Civil Rights - Topic 660.2

Liberty - Limitations on - Immigration - [See first Aliens - Topic 1797.2 ].

Civil Rights - Topic 3193

Trials - Due process, fundamental justice and fair hearings - Administrative and noncriminal proceedings - Procedure not contrary to fundamental justice - [See first Aliens - Topic 1797.2 ].

Words and Phrases

Punished - The Federal Court discussed the meaning of the word "punished" as found in s. 64(2) of the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act, S.C. 2001, c. 27 - See paragraphs 6 to 21.

Cases Noticed:

Cartwright v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration) (2003), 236 F.T.R. 98; 2003 FCT 792, refd to. [para. 9].

R. v. McDonald (C.) (1998), 111 O.A.C. 25; 127 C.C.C.(3d) 57 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 9].

R. v. Wust (L.W.) et al., [2000] 1 S.C.R. 455; 252 N.R. 332; 134 B.C.A.C. 236; 219 W.A.C. 236; 184 D.L.R.(4th) 385; 143 C.C.C.(3d) 129; 32 C.R.(5th) 58, refd to. [para. 9].

Singh v. Minister of Employment and Immigration, [1985] 1 S.C.R. 177; 58 N.R. 1; 17 D.L.R.(4th) 422; 14 C.R.R. 13; 12 Admin. L.R. 137, refd to. [para. 10].

R. v. Morgentaler, Smoling and Scott, [1988] 1 S.C.R. 30; 82 N.R. 1; 26 O.A.C. 1; 44 D.L.R.(4th) 385; 31 C.R.R. 1; 37 C.C.C.(3d) 449; 62 C.R.(3d) 1, refd to. [para. 10].

Sheena B., Re, [1995] 1 S.C.R. 315; 176 N.R. 161; 78 O.A.C. 1; 9 R.F.L.(4th) 157; 122 D.L.R.(4th) 1, refd to. [para. 10].

R.B. v. Children's Aid Society of Metropolitan Toronto - see Sheena, B., Re.

Rizzo & Rizzo Shoes Ltd. (Bankrupt), Re, [1998] 1 S.C.R. 27; 221 N.R. 241; 106 O.A.C. 1, refd to. [para. 14].

Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration) v. Atwal (2004), 245 F.T.R. 170 (F.C.), refd to. [para. 19].

Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration) v. Smith (2004), 268 F.T.R. 42; 2004 FC 63, refd to. [para. 19].

R. v. Beare; R. v. Higgins, [1988] 2 S.C.R. 387; 88 N.R. 205; 71 Sask. R. 1; 45 C.C.C.(3d) 57; [1989] 1 W.W.R. 97; 66 C.R.(3d) 97; 55 D.L.R.(4th) 481, refd to. [para. 24].

Blencoe v. Human Rights Commission (B.C.) et al., [2000] 2 S.C.R. 307; 260 N.R. 1; 141 B.C.A.C. 161; 231 W.A.C. 161; 190 D.L.R.(4th) 513; 23 Admin. L.R.(3d) 175; 2000 SCC 44, refd to. [paras. 24, 30].

Chiarelli v. Minister of Employment and Immigration, [1992] 1 S.C.R. 711; 135 N.R. 161; 90 D.L.R.(4th) 289; 16 Imm. L.R.(2d) 1, refd to. [para. 25].

Chiarelli v. Minister of Employment and Immigration, [1990] 2 F.C. 299; 107 N.R. 107 (F.C.A.), refd to. [para. 27].

Romans v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration) (2001), 281 N.R. 357 (F.C.A.), refd to. [para. 27].

Medovarski v. Canada (Ministre de la Citoyenneté et de l'Immigration) (2004), 318 N.R. 252 (F.C.A.), refd to. [para. 27].

Canepa v. Minister of Employment and Immigration, [1992] 3 F.C. 270; 145 N.R. 121 (F.C.A.), refd to. [para. 28].

Hurd v. Minister of Employment and Immigration, [1989] 2 F.C. 594; 90 N.R. 31 (F.C.A.), refd to. [para. 28].

Hoang v. Minister of Employment and Immigration (1990), 120 N.R. 193 (F.C.A.), refd to. [para. 28].

Williams v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration), [1997] 2 F.C. 646; 212 N.R. 63 (F.C.A.), refd to. [para. 28].

Kroon v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration) (2004), 252 F.T.R. 257 (F.C.), refd to. [para. 28].

Grewal v. Minister of Employment and Immigration, [1992] 1 F.C. 581; 135 N.R. 310 (F.C.A.), refd to. [para. 29].

Nguyen v. Canada (Minister of Employment and Immigration), [1993] 1 F.C. 696; 151 N.R. 69 (F.C.A.), refd to. [para. 29].

Al Yamani v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration) et al., [2000] 3 F.C. 433; 186 F.T.R. 161 (T.D.), refd to. [para. 31].

Romans v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration) (2001), 203 F.T.R. 108 (T.D.), refd to. [para. 31].

Powell v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration) (2004), 262 F.T.R. 47; 2004 FC 1120, refd to. [para. 31].

Suresh v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration, [2002] 1 S.C.R. 3; 281 N.R. 1; 208 D.L.R.(4th) 1, refd to. [para. 31].

Nokhodchari v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration) (2003), 236 F.T.R. 206; 2003 FCT 803, refd to. [para. 33].

Canada (Secretary of State) v. Luitjens (1992), 142 N.R. 173 (F.C.A.), refd to. [para. 39].

Kindler v. Canada (Minister of Justice), [1991] 2 S.C.R. 779; 129 N.R. 81; 67 C.C.C.(3d) 1; 8 C.R.(4th) 1, refd to. [para. 41].

United States of America v. Burns and Rafay, [2001] 1 S.C.R. 283; 265 N.R. 212; 148 B.C.A.C. 1; 243 W.A.C. 1, refd to. [para. 41].

Cunningham v. Canada, [1993] 2 S.C.R. 143; 151 N.R. 161; 62 O.A.C. 243, refd to. [para. 41].

Chieu v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration), [2002] 1 S.C.R. 84; 280 N.R. 268; 208 D.L.R.(4th) 107; 2002 SCC 3, refd to. [para. 45].

Adviento v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration) (2003), 242 F.T.R. 295; 2003 FC 1430, refd to. [para. 45].

Baker v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration), [1999] 2 S.C.R. 817; 243 N.R. 22; 174 D.L.R.(4th) 193, refd to. [para. 45].

Martinez v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration), [2003] F.T.R. Uned. 799 (F.C.), refd to. [para. 45].

Danson v. Ontario (Attorney General), [1990] 2 S.C.R. 1086; 112 N.R. 362; 41 O.A.C. 250, refd to. [para. 46].

MacKay et al. v. Manitoba, [1989] 2 S.C.R. 357; 99 N.R. 116; 61 Man.R.(2d) 270; [1989] 6 W.W.R. 351; 61 D.L.R.(4th) 385; 43 C.R.R. 1, refd to. [para. 46].

Kitkatla Indian Band et al. v. British Columbia (Minister of Small Business, Tourism and Culture), [2002] 2 S.C.R. 146; 286 N.R. 131; 165 B.C.A.C. 1; 270 W.A.C. 1, refd to. [para. 46].

Kourtessis et al. v. Minister of National Revenue et al., [1993] 2 S.C.R. 53; 153 N.R. 1; 27 B.C.A.C. 81; 45 W.A.C. 81, refd to. [para. 46].

Statutes Noticed:

Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, 1982, sect. 7 [para. 23].

Immigration and Refugee Protection Act, S.C. 2001, c. 27, sect. 36(1) [para. 3]; sect. 64(1), sect. 64(2) [para. 6].

Authors and Works Noticed:

Archambault Report - see Canada, Report of the Canadian Sentencing Commission, Sentencing Reform: A Canadian Approach (1987).

Canada, Report of the Canadian Sentencing Commission, Sentencing Reform: A Canadian Approach (Archambault Report) (1987), pp. 110 et seq. [para. 9].

Counsel:

Ronald Poulton, for the applicant;

Marina Stefanovic, for the respondent.

Solicitors of Record:

Ronald Poulton (Mamann & Associates), Toronto, Ontario, for the applicant;

John H. Sims, Q.C., Deputy Attorney General of Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, for the respondent.

This application was heard in Québec, Quebec, on December 16, 2004, before Martineau, J., of the Federal Court, who delivered the following judgment on January 17, 2005.

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