Notes

• Pages: 107-123
• Author: Bryan Birtles

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Notes

  | On the Nature of Treaties

 See R v Marsha ll, []  SCR  at para ,  DLR (th)  [Marshall No 1 ];

Beckman v Little Salmon/Carmacks First Nation,  SCC  at para  [Beckman];

R v Badger, []  SCR  at paras –,  DLR (th)  [Badger]; R v

Sundown, []  SCR  at para ,  DLR (th)  [Sundown].

 Badger, above note  at para .

 See, e.g., Marshall No 1, above note  at para .

 Badger, above note  at para .

 Mikisew Cree First Nation v Canada (Governor General in Council),  SCC  at

para  [Mikisew Cree].

 Marshall No 1, above note  at para .

 R v Sioui, []  SCR ,  DLR (th)  [Sioui].

 In General Motors Corporation v Peco, Inc, [] OJ No ,  BLR (th) 

(SC), Cumming J defined contracts as “bundles of reciprocal reasonable expect-

ations, created by the exchange of promises,” at para . See also Suen v Suen,

 BCCA , where the British Columbia Court of Appeal defined a contract

as “promissory in nature, that is, it is an undertaking by the promisor to do

something for the promisee in exchange for something,” at para .

 Canada, Department of Indian Aairs, Indian Treaties and Surrenders: From 1680 to

1890, vol  (Ottawa: B Chamberlain, ) at .

 Hon Alexander Morris, e Treaties of Canada with the Indians of Manitoba and the

North-West Territories (Toronto: Willing & Williamson, ) at .

 Sioui, ab ove note  at para .

 Ibid at paras –.

A TREATISE ON TREATIES



 Ibid at para .

 Simon v e Queen, []  SCR  at para ,  DLR (th)  [Simon].

 Miguel Alfonso Martinez, Study on Treaties, Agreements and Other Constructive

Arrangements Between States and Indigenous Populations, UNESCOR, st Sess, UN

Doc E/CN./Sub.// at .

 Beckm an, above note  at para .

 Honouring the Truth, Reconciling for the Future: Summary of the Final Report of the Truth

and Reconciliation Commission of Canada (Ottawa, ) at .

 Indian Act, RSC , c I-.

 Constitution Act, 1982, being Schedule B to the Canada Act 1982 (UK), , c .

 Indian Act, above note  at s .

 Constitution Act, 1867 (UK),  &  Vict, c , s (), reprinted in RSC ,

Appendix II, No .

 R v White (),  DLR (d)  at ,  WWR (ns)  (BCCA) [White].

 Kruger et al v e Queen, []  SCR  at ,  DLR (d) .

 Game Act, RSBC , c .

 White, ab ove note  at .

 Sioui, above note .

 R v Morris,  SCC  at para .

 Ibid at para .

 Sundown, above note .

 Simon, above note  at para .

 Sundown, a bove note  at para .

 Simon, above note  at para .

 Rex v Syliboy, []  DLR  at para  (p ),  CNLC  (NSSC) [Syliboy].

 Simon, above note  at para .

 Badger, above note  at para . See also Sparrow, below note .

 Constitution Act, 1982, above note .

 Ibid, at s (), which reads: “For greater certainty, in subsection () ‘treaty

rights’ includes rights that now exist by way of land claims agreements or may

be so acquired.”

 Quebec (Attorney General) v Moses,  SCC  at para  [Moses].

 Badger, above note  at para . See also R v Van der Peet, []  SCR  at para

,  DLR (th)  [Van der Peet].

 Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Part I of the Constitution Act, 1982, being

Schedule B to the Canada Act 1982 (UK), , c  [Charter].

 Van der Peet, above note  at para , McLachlin J, dissenting.

 Ibid at para ; R v Sparrow, []  SCR ,  DLR (th) .

 Badger, above note  at para .

 Yahey v British Columbia,  BCSC  at para .

 Moses, above note  at para .