R. v. M.O., (2015) 362 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 1 (NLPC)

• Judge: Gorman, P.C.J.
• Court: Newfoundland and Labrador Provincial Court (Canada)
• Case Date: February 24, 2015
• Jurisdiction: Newfoundland and Labrador
• Citations: (2015), 362 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 1 (NLPC);2015 NLPC 1412

R. v. M.O. (2015), 362 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 1 (NLPC);

    1125 A.P.R. 1

MLB headnote and full text

Temp. Cite: [2015] Nfld. & P.E.I.R. TBEd. MR.001

Her Majesty the Queen v. M.O.

(2015 NLPC 1412A00338)

Indexed As: R. v. M.O.

Newfoundland and Labrador Provincial Court

Gorman, P.C.J.

February 24, 2015.

Summary:

The accused was charged with a number of offences in relation to C.K. The Crown applied to introduce similar fact evidence, i.e., the evidence of N.L., L.L., P.T. and T.H.

The Newfoundland and Labrador Provincial Court, in a decision reported at (2012), 329 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 16; 1022 A.P.R. 16, determined the issues.

The Newfoundland and Labrador Provincial Court, in a decision reported at [2012] Nfld. & P.E.I.R. Uned. 75, convicted the accused of breaking and entering; three counts of assault; uttering threats against C.K. and her daughter; pointing a firearm at C.K., and two counts of forcibly confining C.K. The accused appealed his conviction.

The Newfoundland and Labrador Court of Appeal, in a decision reported at (2014), 350 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 144; 1088 A.P.R. 144, dismissed the appeal. The matter proceeded to sentencing. The Crown applied under s. 753.1(1) of the Criminal Code for an order declaring the accused a long-term offender, a determinate sentence and a 10 year supervision order.

The Newfoundland and Labrador Provincial Court designated the accused a long-term offender and issued a 10 year supervision order. The court sentenced the accused to nine years' imprisonment less 1,431 days for time served.

Editor's Note: for another case involving this accused, see [2012] Nfld. & P.E.I.R. Uned. 76 (N.L. Prov. Ct.).

Editor's Note: Certain names in the following case have been initialized or the case otherwise edited to prevent the disclosure of identities where required by law, publication ban, Maritime Law Book's editorial policy or otherwise.

Criminal Law - Topic 5807

Sentencing - General - Imposing sentences respecting multiple convictions - The Newfoundland and Labrador Provincial Court discussed imposing sentence when multiple offences had been committed, including the application of the totality principle - See paragraphs 284 to 309.

Criminal Law - Topic 5813

Sentencing - Sentencing procedure and rights of the accused - Plea bargain or joint submission - Effect of - The Newfoundland and Labrador Provincial Court discussed joint submissions - See paragraphs 122 to 140 - The court provided a summary on the principles to be applied to joint submissions - See paragraph 141.

Criminal Law - Topic 5842

Sentencing - Considerations on imposing sentence - Previous criminal offences (incl. not criminally responsible, repeat, dangerous or long-term offenders) - The Newfoundland and Labrador Provincial Court discussed how an accused's criminal record should be considered when proceeding to sentencing - See paragraphs 85 to 87.

Criminal Law - Topic 5846.1

Sentencing - Considerations on imposing sentence - Aboriginal offenders - The Newfoundland and Labrador Provincial Court discussed the importance of considering the unique circumstances of Aboriginal offenders when proceeding to sentencing - See paragraphs 75 to 83.

Criminal Law - Topic 5846.1

Sentencing - Considerations on imposing sentence - Aboriginal offenders - [See Criminal Law - Topic 5851 ].

Criminal Law - Topic 5848.2

Sentencing - Considerations on imposing sentence - Time already served (incl. bail) - The Newfoundland and Labrador Provincial Court discussed the principles applicable to credit for time served when proceeding to sentencing - See paragraphs 310 to 329.

Criminal Law - Topic 5849.20

Sentencing - Considerations on imposing sentence - Use or possession of firearms - [See Criminal Law - Topic 5851 ].

Criminal Law - Topic 5851

Sentence - Break and enter - C.K. agreed to hike with the accused into a heavily wooded area where they ultimately took shelter in an occupied cabin - C.K. soon became disenchanted with the hardship of trekking through the dense terrain and brush with the accused which she found exhausting and complained - Her complaints angered the accused - The accused pointed a loaded .22 calibre gun at C.K. in response to her complaints and made verbal threats to slit her throat and to "chop her [daughter] up" - These threats were allegedly to have been made concurrently with the accused pointing the gun at C.K. - Further, the accused broke into cabins belonging to W.H., D.W. and R.F. and stole some items - The accused also stole money from a seaplane parked outside an isolated cabin - The trial judge convicted the accused of breaking and entering; three counts of assault; uttering threats against C.K. and her daughter; pointing a firearm at C.K., two counts of forcibly confining C.K., theft and five counts of breach of probation - The Crown applied under s. 753.1(1) of the Criminal Code for an order declaring the accused a long-term offender, a determinate sentence and a 10 year supervision order - 39 years old - Had completed grade seven - No history of stable employment - Childhood marked by physical and emotional abuse - Had Aboriginal status - Lengthy criminal record (39 convictions, several including violence) - The Newfoundland and Labrador Provincial Court designated the accused a long-term offender and issued a 10 year supervision order - The court sentenced the accused to nine years' imprisonment less 1,431 days for time served - See paragraphs 1 to 333.

Criminal Law - Topic 5854

Sentence - Theft - [See Criminal Law - Topic 5851 ].

Criminal Law - Topic 5861

Sentence - Assault - [See Criminal Law - Topic 5851 ].

Criminal Law - Topic 5868

Sentence - Forcible confinement or seizure - [See Criminal Law - Topic 5851 ].

Criminal Law - Topic 5877.2

Sentence - Possession of firearm, ammunition, etc. in breach of prohibition order - [See Criminal Law - Topic 5851 ].

Criminal Law - Topic 5895

Sentence - Threats - [See Criminal Law - Topic 5851 ].

Criminal Law - Topic 5898

Sentence - Breach of probation - [See Criminal Law - Topic 5851 ].

Criminal Law - Topic 5917

Sentence - Use of firearm during offence - [See Criminal Law - Topic 5851 ].

Criminal Law - Topic 5967

Sentence - Pointing a firearm - [See Criminal Law - Topic 5851 ].

Criminal Law - Topic 6503.1

Dangerous or long-term offenders - Detention - General - Long-term offender - Defined - C.K. agreed to hike with the accused into a heavily wooded area where they ultimately took shelter in an occupied cabin - C.K. soon became disenchanted with the hardship of trekking through the dense terrain and brush with the accused which she found exhausting and complained - Her complaints angered the accused - The accused pointed a loaded .22 calibre gun at C.K. in response to her complaints and made verbal threats to slit her throat and to "chop her [daughter] up" - These threats were allegedly to have been made concurrently with the accused pointing the gun at C.K. - Further, the accused broke into cabins belonging to W.H., D.W. and R.F. and stole some items - The accused also stole money from a seaplane parked outside an isolated cabin - The trial judge convicted the accused of breaking and entering; three counts of assault; uttering threats against C.K. and her daughter; pointing a firearm at C.K., two counts of forcibly confining C.K., theft and five counts of breach of probation - The Crown applied under s. 753.1(1) of the Criminal Code for an order declaring the accused a long-term offender, a determinate sentence and a 10 year supervision order - 39 years old - Had completed grade seven - No history of stable employment - Childhood marked by physical and emotional abuse - Had Aboriginal status - Lengthy criminal record (39 convictions, several including violence) - The Newfoundland and Labrador Provincial Court designated the accused a long-term offender - The accused had committed a serious personal injury offence (i.e., the s. 85(1)(a) Criminal Code offence, use of a firearm during an offence) - A period of two years imprisonment, or more, was an appropriate sentence for this offence - There was a substantial risk that the accused would reoffend - There was a reasonable possibility that this risk could be controlled in the community - See paragraphs 146 to 169.

Criminal Law - Topic 6504

Dangerous or long-term offenders - Detention - General - Procedure - The Newfoundland and Labrador Provincial Court stated that "the application judge in a long-term offender application must follow a three step procedure: (1) the application judge must determine if a period of at least two years imprisonment should be imposed (in this sense it is similar to the approach a judge must take in considering if a conditional sentence should be imposed); (2) if satisfied that such a sentence should be imposed, the application judge must determine if the prerequisites in sections 753.1(b) and (c) [of the Criminal Code] have been established; and (3) if so, the application judge must declare the offender to be a long-term offender, impose a supervision order and impose sentence." - See paragraph 108.

Criminal Law - Topic 6508.1

Dangerous or long-term offenders - Detention - General - Long-term offender - Legislation - Interpretation and application - The Newfoundland and Labrador Provincial Court reviewed the Criminal Code's long-term offender provisions - See paragraphs 90 to 118 - The court provided a summary of the applicable principles - See paragraph 119.

Cases Noticed:

R. v. T.E.C. (2015), 366 B.C.A.C. 288; 629 W.A.C. 288; 2015 BCCA 43, refd to. [para. 1].

R. v. Le (T.D.) (2011), 270 Man.R.(2d) 82; 524 W.A.C. 82; 275 C.C.C.(3d) 427 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 3].

R. v. Kelly (J.G.) (2014), 346 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 341; 1078 A.P.R. 341 (N.L.C.A.), refd to. [para. 51].

R. v. Andersen (W.) (2011), 307 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 29; 954 A.P.R. 29 (N.L.T.D. (Gen.)), refd to [para. 52].

R. v. O'Keefe (L.) (2011), 316 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 349; 982 A.P.R. 349 (N.L. Prov. Ct.), refd to. [para. 52].

R. v. Perkins & Ors, [2013] EWCA Crim. 323 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 53].

R. v. Lundrigan (D.A.) (2012), 324 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 270; 1007 A.P.R. 270; 2012 NLCA 43, refd to. [para. 65].

R. v. Ipeelee (M.), [2012] 1 S.C.R. 433; 428 N.R. 1; 288 O.A.C. 224; 318 B.C.A.C. 1; 541 W.A.C. 1; 2012 SCC 13, refd to. [para. 78].

R. v. Anderson (F.) (2014), 458 N.R. 1; 350 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 289; 1088 A.P.R. 289; 2014 SCC 41, refd to. [para. 79].

R. v. Fontaine (T.J.) (2014), 348 B.C.A.C. 305; 595 W.A.C. 305; 2014 BCCA 1, refd to. [para. 80].

R. v. Violette (J.J.) (2013), 333 B.C.A.C. 181; 571 W.A.C. 181 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 81].

R. v. Samson (T.K.), [2014] Yukon Cases Uned. 33; 2014 YKTC 33, refd to. [para. 82].

R. v. Presgrave, [2014] Q.C.A. 105, refd to. [para. 85].

R. v. Squires (P.J.) (2012), 320 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 39; 993 A.P.R. 39; 2012 NLCA 20, refd to. [para. 85].

R. v. O'Flaherty (A.E.) (1997), 155 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 150; 481 A.P.R. 150 (Nfld. C.A.), refd to. [para. 86].

R. v. Acoby (R.), [2015] O.A.C. Uned. 44; 2015 ONCA 75, refd to. [para. 87].

R. v. Steele (J.M.) (2014), 463 N.R. 125; 310 Man.R.(2d) 236; 618 W.A.C. 236 (S.C.C.), consd. [para. 90].

R. v. Sipos (J.P.) (2014), 460 N.R. 1; 320 O.A.C. 76; 2014 SCC 47, refd to. [para. 90].

R. v. Currie (R.O.R.), [1997] 2 S.C.R. 260; 211 N.R. 321; 100 O.A.C. 161, refd to. [para. 100].

R. v. Bebonang, 2015 ONSC 195, refd to. [para. 100].

R. v. Trainor (G.F.), [2010] B.C.T.C. Uned. 829 (S.C.), refd to. [para. 102].

R. v. Severight (J.K.) (2014), 566 A.R. 344; 597 W.A.C. 344 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 102].

R. v. H.P.W. (2001), 286 A.R. 350; 253 W.A.C. 350; 159 C.C.C.(3d) 91 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 103].

R. v. Hyde (B.C.), [2013] A.R. Uned. 528 (Prov. Ct.), refd to. [para. 111].

R. v. McLean (A.D.) (2009), 272 N.S.R.(2d) 379; 869 A.P.R. 379 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 113].

R. v. D.D., [2006] Q.J. No. 11806 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 113].

R. v. Sharrow (C.L.) (1999), 117 O.A.C. 267; 133 C.C.C.(3d) 467 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 114].

R. v. Mason (J.) (2001), 147 O.A.C. 388; 156 C.C.C.(3d) 97 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 115].

R. v. Slade, [2015] O.J. No. 133 (C.J.), refd to. [para. 115].

R. v. Bitternose (C.L.) (2013), 553 A.R. 316; 583 W.A.C. 316 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 115].

R. v. Cappo (J.D.), [2014] A.R. TBEd. DE.024 (Prov. Ct.), refd to. [para. 116].

R. v. Gibson (R.J.), [2015] A.R. TBEd. FE.004; 2015 ABCA 41, refd to. [para. 125].

R. v. Simon, [1990] N.J. No. 246 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 128].

R. v. Abbott (1992), 97 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 213; 308 A.P.R. 213 (Nfld. C.A.), refd to. [para. 129].

R. v. Samms (B.L.) (1993), 107 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 172; 336 A.P.R. 172 (Nfld. C.A.), refd to. [para. 130].

R. v. Quilty (R.) et al. (1997), 156 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 320; 483 A.P.R. 320 (Nfld. C.A.), refd to. [para. 131].

R. v. Quinlan (F.L.) (1999), 173 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 1; 530 A.P.R. 1 (Nfld. C.A.), refd to. [para. 131].

R. v. Samms, [1992] N.J. No. 344 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 132].

R. v. Druken (J.K.) (2006), 261 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 271; 790 A.P.R. 271 (N.L.C.A.), refd to. [para. 133].

R. v. Oake (B.) (2010), 296 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 79; 915 A.P.R. 79; 2010 NLCA 19, refd to. [para. 134].

R. v. Oxford (M.) (2010), 299 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 327; 926 A.P.R. 327 (N.L.C.A.), refd to. [para. 135].

R. v. Lavers (S.J.) (2010), 303 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 153; 941 A.P.R. 153 (N.L.C.A.), refd to. [para. 137].

R. v. Barrett (A.W.) (2011), 303 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 139; 941 A.P.R. 139 (N.L.C.A.), refd to. [para. 138].

R. v. Randhile (S.R.) and Larocque (D.B.) (1997), 209 A.R. 209; 160 W.A.C. 209; 121 C.C.C.(3d) 565 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 139].

R. v. Kane (M.) (2012), 325 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 78; 1009 A.P.R. 78 (N.L.C.A.), refd to. [para. 140].

R. v. Keeping (R.C.) (2014), 359 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 322; 1117 A.P.R. 322 (N.L.T.D. (Gen.)), refd to. [para. 144].

R. v. Green (K.E.) (2014), 349 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 171; 1085 A.P.R. 171 (N.L.T.D. (Gen.)), refd to. [para. 144].

R. v. Grech (B.T.) (2014), 359 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 74; 1117 A.P.R. 74 (N.L.T.D. (Gen.)), refd to. [para. 144].

R. v. White (C.M.) (2007), 270 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 351; 822 A.P.R. 351; 2007 NLCA 44, refd to. [para. 173].

R. v. McIntosh (S.L.) (2004), 221 N.S.R.(2d) 147; 697 A.P.R. 147; 2004 NSCA 19, refd to. [para. 173].

R. v. Power (S.) (2008), 273 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 261; 833 A.P.R. 261; 2008 NLTD 6, refd to. [para. 173].

R. v. Seymour, [2007] N.J. No. 193 (Prov. Ct.), refd to. [para. 173].

R. v. Bosley (M.) (1992), 59 O.A.C. 161 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 180].

R. v. MacDougall (P.A.), [1998] 3 S.C.R. 45; 231 N.R. 147; 168 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 83; 517 A.P.R. 83, refd to. [para. 180].

R. v. Webber (C.G.), [2013] A.R. Uned. 125; 2013 ABCA 189, refd to. [para. 192].

R. v. Knott (D.W.) (2012), 433 N.R. 38; 324 B.C.A.C. 1; 551 W.A.C. 1; 2012 SCC 42, refd to. [para. 192].

R. v. Samuelson (A.L.D.) (2015), 366 B.C.A.C. 199; 629 W.A.C. 199; 2015 BCCA 29, refd to. [para. 192].

R. v. Berner (C.-A.) (2013), 337 B.C.A.C. 146; 576 W.A.C. 146; 2013 BCCA 188, refd to. [para. 193].

R. v. Cluney (N.) (2013), 338 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 57; 1049 A.P.R. 57; 2013 NLCA 46, refd to. [para. 196].

R. v. Briand (R.) (2010), 302 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 67; 938 A.P.R. 67; 2010 NLCA 67, refd to. [para. 197].

R. v. Radjenovic (A.) (2013), 347 B.C.A.C. 262; 593 W.A.C. 262; 2013 BCCA 522, refd to. [para. 202].

Elias v. R.; Issa v. R., [2013] HCA 31, refd to. [para. 203].

R. v. D.G. (2013), 351 B.C.A.C. 146; 599 W.A.C. 146; 2014 BCCA 84, refd to. [para. 206].

R. v. Johnston (H.E.) (2011), 311 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 129; 967 A.P.R. 129 (N.L.C.A.), refd to. [para. 207].

R. v. Cummings (J.M.) (1993), 106 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 79; 334 A.P.R. 79 (Nfld. C.A.), refd to. [para. 209].

R. v. Brewer (P.J.) (1999), 182 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 14; 554 A.P.R. 14 (Nfld. C.A.), refd to. [para. 210].

R. v. Pinsent (B.S.) (2000), 187 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 337; 566 A.P.R. 337 (Nfld. C.A.), refd to. [para. 213].

R. v. Moss (M.T.) (2006), 257 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 258; 776 A.P.R. 258; 2006 NLTD 98, refd to. [para. 214].

R. v. MacDonald (K.R.) (2007), 267 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 41; 811 A.P.R. 41; 2007 NLTD 65, refd to. [para. 217].

R. v. Hickey (L.W.) (2010), 295 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 172; 911 A.P.R. 172; 2010 NLTD 49, refd to. [para. 218].

R. v. Bowman (M.) (2013), 343 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 202; 1066 A.P.R. 202 (N.L. Prov. Ct.), refd to. [para. 220].

R. v. Crockwell (L.) (2013), 333 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 55; 1034 A.P.R. 55; 2013 NLTD(G) 23, refd to. [para. 222].

R. v. Castro (C.) (2010), 270 O.A.C. 140 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 224].

R. v. Robins (K.), [2013] O.A.C. Uned. 47 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 224].

R. v. Crathorne (J.R.) (2015), 356 N.S.R.(2d) 1; 1126 A.P.R. 99; 2015 NSPC 1, refd to. [para. 225].

R. v. Boutilier (G.F.) (2006), 257 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 98; 776 A.P.R. 98; 2006 NLTD 30, refd to. [para. 226].

R. v. Wells (E.) (2012), 319 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 186; 992 A.P.R. 186 (N.L. Prov. Ct.), refd to. [para. 230].

R. v. Brown (C.R.) et al., [1993] 1 C.N.L.R. 116; 125 A.R. 150; 14 W.A.C. 150 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 232].

R. v. Highway - see R. v. Brown (C.R.) et al.

R. v. Carroll (F.J.) (1999), 174 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 201; 533 A.P.R. 201 (Nfld. T.D.), refd to. [para. 233].

R. v. Hillier (M.C.), [2010] Nfld. & P.E.I.R. Uned. 52 (N.L. Prov. Ct.), refd to. [para. 234].

R. v. Pumphrey (J.) (2011), 317 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 21; 986 A.P.R. 21 (N.L. Prov. Ct.), refd to. [para. 235].

R. v. Manning (J.C.) (2014), 345 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 25; 1074 A.P.R. 25 (N.L. Prov. Ct.), refd to. [para. 236].

R. v. Best (C.A.T.) (2014), 355 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 82; 1106 A.P.R. 82; 2014 NLTD(G) 108, refd to. [para. 237].

R. v. Hare (P.N.) (2014), 352 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 204; 1097 A.P.R. 204 (N.L. Prov. Ct.), refd to. [para. 240].

R. v. Drodge (P.J.) (2015), 360 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 262; 1118 A.P.R. 262 (N.L. Prov. Ct.), refd to. [para. 241].

R. v. Squires (E.D.) (2015), 362 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 71; 1125 A.P.R. 71; 2015 NLTD(G) 5, refd to. [para. 242].

R. v. Chaulk, [2004] N.J. No. 419 (Prov. Ct.), refd to. [para. 243].

R. v. Palmer, [2014] EWCA Crim. 168, refd to. [para. 243].

R. v. Piercey, [1987] N.J. No. 12 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 244].

R. v. Cowan, [2011] N.J. No. 148 (Prov. Ct.), refd to. [para. 246].

R. v. Bennett (V.G.) (2013), 341 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 221; 1061 A.P.R. 221 (N.L.T.D. (Gen.)), refd to. [para. 248].

R. v. Thorne (S.R.) (2014), 356 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 201; 1108 A.P.R. 201 (N.L.T.D. (Gen.)), refd to. [para. 249].

R. v. Murphy (D.) (2011), 304 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 266; 944 A.P.R. 266; 2011 NLCA 16, refd to. [para. 250].

R. v. Hutchings (R.) (2012), 316 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 211; 982 A.P.R. 211 (N.L.C.A.), refd to. [para. 251].

R. v. Lewis (D.E.) (2012), 318 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 64; 989 A.P.R. 64; 2012 NLCA 11, refd to. [para. 252].

R. v. J.B. (2013), 341 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 329; 1061 A.P.R. 329; 2013 NLCA 61, refd to. [para. 256].

R. v. Simmonds (R.M.) (2014), 350 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 19; 1088 A.P.R. 19 (N.L. Prov. Ct.), refd to. [para. 259].

R. v. Young (G.T.) (2014), 357 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 40; 1109 A.P.R. 40 (N.L.T.D. (Gen.)), refd to. [para. 261].

Q.J.S. v. Western Australia (State), [2015] WASCA 9, refd to. [para. 262].

R. v. Sutherland (B.J.) (2014), 352 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 276; 1097 A.P.R. 276 (N.L. Prov. Ct.), refd to. [para. 263].

R. v. Sullivan (R.J.), [1997] Nfld. & P.E.I.R. Uned. 53 (Nfld. T.D.), refd to. [para. 264].

R. v. Hope (R.) (1999), 173 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 121; 530 A.P.R. 121 (Nfld. T.D.), refd to. [para. 265].

R. v. Ferrie (C.M.) (2014), 355 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 120; 1106 A.P.R. 120; 2014 NLTD(G) 112, refd to. [para. 266].

R. v. Rowe (J.) (1994), 126 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 301; 393 A.P.R. 301 (Nfld. T.D.), refd to. [para. 267].

R. v. Savchenko (R.) (2000), 191 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 225; 577 A.P.R. 225 (Nfld. T.D.), refd to. [para. 268].

R. v. J.R.K. (2010), 300 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 274; 927 A.P.R. 274; 2010 NLTD(G) 125, refd to. [para. 273].

R. v. Foster (J.C.) (2010), 302 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 60; 938 A.P.R. 60; 2010 NLTD(G) 165, refd to. [para. 274].

R. v. House (S.) (2012), 324 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 278; 1007 A.P.R. 278; 2012 NLCA 41, refd to. [para. 275].

R. v. J.H. (2012), 329 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 302; 1022 A.P.R. 302; 2012 NLTD(G) 174, refd to. [para. 276].

R. v. Berisa (E.) (2013), 336 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 190; 1043 A.P.R. 190 (N.L. Prov. Ct.), refd to. [para. 277].

R. v. Tulk (K.W.S.) (2014), 346 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 269; 1078 A.P.R. 269; 2014 NLTD(G) 18, refd to. [para. 278].

R. v. Rowe (D.) (2008), 273 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 38; 833 A.P.R. 38 (N.L.C.A.), refd to. [para. 284].

R. v. E.W. (2002), 216 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 89; 647 A.P.R. 89 (N.L.C.A.), refd to. [para. 284].

R. v. Maier (A.S.), [2015] A.R. TBEd. MR.047; 2015 ABCA 59, refd to. [para. 293].

R. v. Crocker (B.J.) (1991), 93 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 222; 292 A.P.R. 222 (Nfld. C.A.), refd to. [para. 297].

R. v. K.V.E. (2013), 347 B.C.A.C. 253; 593 W.A.C. 253; 2013 BCCA 521, refd to. [para. 299].

R. v. Khawaja (M.M.), [2012] 3 S.C.R. 555; 437 N.R. 42; 301 O.A.C. 200; 2012 SCC 69, refd to. [para. 302].

R. v. C.T.H. (2015), 315 Man.R.(2d) 56; 630 W.A.C. 56; 2015 MBCA 4, refd to. [para. 302].

Guler v. Western Australia (State), [2014] WASCA 83, refd to. [para. 302].

R. v. Johnson (F.) (2012), 291 O.A.C. 350; 2012 ONCA 339, refd to. [para. 304].

R. v. Rumsey (S.M.) (2015), 362 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 297; 1126 A.P.R. 297 (N.L. Prov. Ct.), refd to. [para. 308].

Director of Public Prosecutions v. Fitzgibbon, [2014] IECCA 25, refd to. [para. 308].

R. v. Cole (J.J.C.) et al. (2015), 355 N.S.R.(2d) 304; 2015 NSCA 14, refd to. [para. 310].

R. v. Murphy (J.D.J.) - see R. v. Cole (J.J.C.) et al.

R. v. Costain (W.) (2014), 364 B.C.A.C. 19; 625 W.A.C. 19; 2014 BCCA 458,, refd to. [para. 312].

R. v. Wilson (E.) (2015), 367 B.C.A.C. 88; 631 W.A.C. 88; 2015 BCCA 21, refd to. [para. 315].

R. v. Chambers (D.F.) (2014), 362 B.C.A.C. 22; 622 W.A.C. 22; 2014 YKCA 13, refd to. [para. 316].

R. v. Kazakoff (B.F.), [2014] B.C.A.C. Uned. 61; 2014 BCCA 422, refd to. [para. 317].

R. v. Summers (S.) (2014), 456 N.R. 1; 316 O.A.C. 349; 2014 SCC 26, consd. [para. 318].

R. v. Carvery (L.A.) (2014), 456 N.R. 35; 343 N.S.R.(2d) 393; 1084 A.P.R. 393; 2014 SCC 27, consd. [para. 318].

R. v. Wust (L.W.) et al., [2000] 1 S.C.R. 455; 252 N.R. 332; 134 B.C.A.C. 236; 219 W.A.C. 236, refd to. [para. 318].

R. v. Campbell (I.J.W.) (2014), 358 B.C.A.C. 114; 614 W.A.C. 114; 2014 BCCA 235, refd to. [para. 325].

R. v. Geddes (J.), [2014] O.A.C. Uned. 745 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 325].

R. v. K.D.D. (2014), 442 Sask.R. 209; 616 W.A.C. 209 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 325].

R. v. Ayati-Ghaffari (F.), [2014] O.A.C. Uned. 724 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 325].

R. v. Kassa (Y.A.) (2014), 363 B.C.A.C. 271; 624 W.A.C. 271; 2014 BCCA 457, refd to. [para. 325].

R. v. Applegarth (R.J.), [2014] A.R. Uned. 123; 2014 ABCA 209, refd to. [para. 326].

R. v. Foster (J.R.), [2014] O.A.C. Uned. 449; 2014 ONCA 483, refd to. [para. 326].

R. v. Johnsrud (J.T.) (2014), 588 A.R. 67; 626 W.A.C. 67; 2014 ABCA 395, refd to. [para. 326].

R. v. Brown (J.D.) (2014), 362 B.C.A.C. 22; 622 W.A.C. 22; 2014 BCCA 439, refd to. [para. 326].

Authors and Works Noticed:

Roberts, Julian, Victim Impact Statements and the Sentencing Process: Recent Developments and Research Findings (2003), 47 C.L.Q. 365, p. 372 [para. 52].

Counsel:

T. Simms, for Her Majesty the Queen;

J. Duggan, for Mr. M.O.

This case was heard at Corner Brook, N.L., on February 2, 3, 6 and 9, 2015, by Gorman, P.C.J., of the Newfoundland and Labrador Provincial Court, who delivered the following judgment on February 24, 2015.