R. v. Raine (L.), (1994) 149 A.R. 263 (CA)

JudgeMcFadyen, Stratton and Côté, JJ.A.
CourtCourt of Appeal (Alberta)
Case DateMay 17, 1994
Citations(1994), 149 A.R. 263 (CA)

R. v. Raine (L.) (1994), 149 A.R. 263 (CA);

         63 W.A.C. 263

MLB headnote and full text

Her Majesty The Queen (appellant) v. Louie Raine (respondent)

(Appeal No. 9203-0708-A)

Indexed As: R. v. Raine (L.)

Alberta Court of Appeal

McFadyen, Stratton and Côté, JJ.A.

May 17, 1994.

Summary:

The accused was charged with indecent assault of a female contrary to s. 149 of the Criminal Code, R.S.C. 1970, c. C-34. The preliminary judge refused to order the accused to stand trial because the Alberta Court of Queen's Bench, in R. v. Unland, found s. 149 to be inoperative as being in contravention of s. 2 of the Canadian Bill of Rights. The Crown applied for certiorari and mandamus.

The Alberta Court of Queen's Bench held that the preliminary inquiry judge made no error of law. The Crown appealed.

The Alberta Court of Appeal allowed the appeal and remitted the matter to the pre­liminary inquiry judge and directed that he order the accused to stand trial.

Civil Rights - Topic 5645

Equality and protection of the law - Sex­ual offences - Section 149 of the Criminal Code, R.S.C. 1970, c. C-34, made it an offence to indecently assault a woman - Males were not afforded similar protection - The Alberta Court of Appeal held that s. 149 did not contravene s. 2 of the Cana­dian Bill of Rights - The court stated that the section protected women from indecent assaults by men and women and was gender neu­tral - The court questioned whether one party could complain about the breach of some­one else's rights, in this case a male victim of an indecent assault - The court over­ruled R. v. Unland - See paragraphs 20 to 33.

Civil Rights - Topic 8007

Canadian Bill of Rights - Principles of operation and interpretation - Equality before the law - [See Civil Rights - Topic 5645 ].

Civil Rights - Topic 8081

Canadian Bill of Rights - Powers of courts where statute conflicts with Bill of Rights - The accused was charged with indecent assault of a female contrary to s. 149 of the Criminal Code, R.S.C. 1970, c. C-34 - The preliminary inquiry judge refused to order the accused to stand trial because the Alberta Court of Queen's Bench, in R. v. Unland, held s. 149 contravened s. 2 of the Canadian Bill of Rights and was inoperat­ive - The Alberta Court of Appeal stated that the Unland decision did not nullify, repeal or invalidate s. 149 because under the Bill of Rights the court could only make a declaration - The court held that by choosing to follow Unland, the judge entered into an inquiry which exceeded his jurisdiction - See paragraphs 6 to 19.

Criminal Law - Topic 611

Sexual offences - Indecent assault - [See Civil Rights - Topic 5645 ].

Criminal Law - Topic 3535

Preliminary inquiry - Jurisdiction - Excess of jurisdiction - [See Civil Rights - Topic 8081 ].

Cases Noticed:

R. v. Unland (1989), 98 A.R. 193 (Q.B.), overruled [para. 3].

R. v. Doyle (1992), 10 O.R.(3d) 439 (Gen. Div.), refd to. [para. 7].

R. v. Smith (1988), 44 C.C.C.(3d) 385 (Ont. H.C.), refd to. [para. 9].

R. v. Drybones, [1970] S.C.R. 282; 9 D.L.R.(3d) 473, refd to. [para. 13].

Bolduc v. Quebec (Attorney General) et al. (1981), 60 C.C.C.(2d) 357 (Que. C.A.), refd to. [para. 16].

Bolduc v. Quebec (Attorney General), [1982] 1 S.C.R. 573; 43 N.R. 185; 68 C.C.C.(2d) 413, affing. (1981), 60 C.C.C.(2d) 357 (Que. C.A.), refd to. [para. 16].

R. v. Mills, [1986] 1 S.C.R. 863; 67 N.R. 241; 16 O.A.C. 81; 52 C.R.(3d) 1; 26 C.C.C.(3d) 481; 29 D.L.R.(4th) 161; 21 C.R.R. 76, refd to. [para. 17].

R. v. Seaboyer and Gayme, [1991] 2 S.C.R. 577; 128 N.R. 81; 48 O.A.C. 81; 66 C.C.C.(3d) 321; 50 C.R.(3d) 395, refd to. [para. 18].

Beauregarde v. Canada, [1986] 2 S.C.R. 56; 70 N.R. 1; 30 D.L.R.(4th) 481, refd to. [para. 23].

R. v. Cornell, [1988] 1 S.C.R. 461; 83 N.R. 384; 27 O.A.C. 360; 40 C.C.C.(3d) 385, refd to. [para. 24].

R. v. Burnshine, [1975] 1 S.C.R. 693; 2 N.R. 53; 44 D.L.R.(3d) 584; 15 C.C.C.(2d) 505, refd to. [para. 25].

R. v. Hess; R. v. Nguyen, [1990] 2 S.C.R. 906; 119 N.R. 353; 46 O.A.C. 13; 73 Man.R.(2d) 1; 3 W.A.C. 1; [1990] 6 W.W.R. 289; 79 C.R.(3d) 332; 59 C.C.C.(3d) 161, refd to. [para. 26].

R. v. Brooks (1989), 93 A.R. 1; 47 C.C.C.(3d) 276 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 27].

R. v. Rocher (1984), 55 A.R. 387; 16 C.C.C.(3d) 89 (N.W.T.C.A.), refd to. [para. 27].

R. v. Lefthand (1985), 66 A.R. 331; 19 C.C.C.(3d) 534 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 27].

R. v. McKay and Willington (1977), 5 A.R. 154; 36 C.C.C.(2d) 349 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 27].

R. v. Stymiest (C.W.W.)(No. 2) (1993), 22 B.C.A.C. 219; 38 W.A.C. 219 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 31].

Statutes Noticed:

Canadian Bill of Rights, R.S.C. 1970, App. III, sect. 1(b) [para. 21]; sect. 2 [paras. 3, 11].

Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, 1982, sect. 7 [para. 7]; sect. 15 [para. 26].

Constitution Act, 1982, sect. 52(1) [para. 10].

Criminal Code, R.S.C. 1970, c. C-34, sect. 86(1) [para. 7]; sect. 149 [para. 2].

Criminal Code, S.C. 1972, c. 13, sect. 70 [para. 2].

Criminal Code, S.C. 1980-81-82-83, c. 125, sect. 8 [para. 2].

Counsel:

B.D. Rosborough, for the appellant;

T. Engel, for the respondent.

This appeal was heard before McFadyen, Stratton and Côté, JJ.A., of the Alberta Court of Appeal. The decision of the court was delivered by McFadyen, J.A., on May 17, 1994.

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3 practice notes
  • P.T. v. R.B. et al., 2001 ABQB 739
    • Canada
    • Court of Queen's Bench of Alberta (Canada)
    • 8 Agosto 2001
    ...refd to. [para. 53, footnote 30]. Janfield v. Foote (1999), 254 A.R. 124 (Q.B.), refd to. [para. 53, footnote 31]. R. v. Raine (L.) (1994), 149 A.R. 263; 63 W.A.C. 263 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 55, footnote 32]. R. v. Unland (1989), 98 A.R. 193 (Q.B.), refd to. [para. 55, footnote 33]. Andrew......
  • Alberta (Minister of Justice) et al. v. Sykes et al.,
    • Canada
    • Court of Appeal (Alberta)
    • 24 Junio 2011
    ...2000 ABQB 942, refd to. [para. 32]. P.T. v. R.B. et al. (2001), 296 A.R. 232; 2001 ABQB 739, refd to. [para. 32]. R. v. Raine (L.) (1994), 149 A.R. 263; 63 W.A.C. 263; 90 C.C.C.(3d) 364 (C.A.), refd to. [para. Ontario (Attorney General) v. 1140 Aubin Road, Windsor et al. (2011), 279 O.A.C. ......
  • R. v. Lasik (R.J.), (2000) 194 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 168 (NFTD)
    • Canada
    • Newfoundland and Labrador Supreme Court of Newfoundland and Labrador (Canada)
    • 8 Agosto 2000
    ...v. Stymiest (C.W.W.) (No. 2) (1993), 22 B.C.A.C. 219; 38 W.A.C. 219; 81 C.C.C.(3d) 141 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 20]. R. v. Raine (L.) (1994), 149 A.R. 263; 63 W.A.C. 263; 90 C.C.C.(3d) 364 (C.A.), refd to. [para. Andrews v. Law Society of British Columbia, [1989] 1 S.C.R. 143; 91 N.R. 255; 5......
3 cases
  • P.T. v. R.B. et al., 2001 ABQB 739
    • Canada
    • Court of Queen's Bench of Alberta (Canada)
    • 8 Agosto 2001
    ...refd to. [para. 53, footnote 30]. Janfield v. Foote (1999), 254 A.R. 124 (Q.B.), refd to. [para. 53, footnote 31]. R. v. Raine (L.) (1994), 149 A.R. 263; 63 W.A.C. 263 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 55, footnote 32]. R. v. Unland (1989), 98 A.R. 193 (Q.B.), refd to. [para. 55, footnote 33]. Andrew......
  • Alberta (Minister of Justice) et al. v. Sykes et al.,
    • Canada
    • Court of Appeal (Alberta)
    • 24 Junio 2011
    ...2000 ABQB 942, refd to. [para. 32]. P.T. v. R.B. et al. (2001), 296 A.R. 232; 2001 ABQB 739, refd to. [para. 32]. R. v. Raine (L.) (1994), 149 A.R. 263; 63 W.A.C. 263; 90 C.C.C.(3d) 364 (C.A.), refd to. [para. Ontario (Attorney General) v. 1140 Aubin Road, Windsor et al. (2011), 279 O.A.C. ......
  • R. v. Lasik (R.J.), (2000) 194 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 168 (NFTD)
    • Canada
    • Newfoundland and Labrador Supreme Court of Newfoundland and Labrador (Canada)
    • 8 Agosto 2000
    ...v. Stymiest (C.W.W.) (No. 2) (1993), 22 B.C.A.C. 219; 38 W.A.C. 219; 81 C.C.C.(3d) 141 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 20]. R. v. Raine (L.) (1994), 149 A.R. 263; 63 W.A.C. 263; 90 C.C.C.(3d) 364 (C.A.), refd to. [para. Andrews v. Law Society of British Columbia, [1989] 1 S.C.R. 143; 91 N.R. 255; 5......

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