Courrier des lecteurs.
Position | Letter to the editor |
Monsieur,
Merci de m'avoir invité à commenter la prorogation du Parlement par la gouverneure générale en décembre 2008.
Il s'agit d'une situation sans précédent. Le gouverneur général agit habituellement au nom de la reine et exerce les fonctions de chef de l'État, mais, depuis la Conférence impériale de 1926, on reconnait que le gouverneur général n'est pas le représentant du monarque (au sens d'agir selon ses instructions), mais qu'il remplit un rôle équivalent tout en agissant sur l'avis du Cabinet. Toutefois, comme Vernon Bogdanor le souligne dans son livre The Monarchy and the Constitution : >
Il est arrivé qu'un gouverneur général utilise ces pouvoirs, par exemple quand sir John Kerr a congédié le gouvernement Whitlam en Australie, en 1975, mais ces cas demeurent rares. Il y a une contrainte qui s'applique au gouverneur général et non au souverain : un gouverneur général peut être destitué de ses fonctions (sur la recommandation du gouvernement), ce qui n'est pas le cas de la reine. Si Gough Whitlam avait recommandé à la reine de destituer M. Kerr avant que ce dernier ait eu la chance d'exercer ses pouvoirs discrétionnaires, M. Kerr aurait été relevé de ses fonctions. Dans ce cas-ci, M. Kerr a agi le premier en congédiant M. Whitlam qui, n'étant plus le premier ministre, n'avait plus qualité pour agir à l'égard du gouverneur général.
Dans le cas qui nous intéresse ici au Canada, la gouverneure générale se trouvait, pour ainsi dire, entre l'arbre et l'écorce. Pour autant que je sache, il n'existe aucun précédent ou ligne directrice permettant d'accepter une prorogation dans de telles circonstances. S'il avait été question d'une demande de dissolution, il aurait été possible de s'en référer à quelques lignes directrices esquissées par sir Alan Lascelles, au Royaume-Uni (la gouverneure générale n'aurait toutefois aucunement été liée par ces lignes directrices).
La gouverneure générale devait donc décider d'agir sur l'avis du premier ministre, comme le veut la convention, ou de refuser de le faire en raison de circonstances exceptionnelles. Bien qu'à première vue, il semble que...
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