Index

• Author: Kent Roach
• Profession: Faculty of Law and Centre of Criminology.University of Toronto
• Pages: 561-576

561

Abandonment of cr ime, 159

Aboriginal offenders

Aborigin al or treaty rights, exe rcise,

102

colour of right, 105, 352–53

cultural ly appropriate treatment

plans, 293

jury tri als, 50

sentencing, 474, 478, 488–89

dispropor tionate imprisonme nt,

3, 474, 486

Absolute disch arges, 494–95, 523

permanent ly unf‌it to stand tria l, 503

Absolute liabil ity offences, 15–16,

221–2 9, 523

Charter violat ions, 16, 72–73,

22 5–2 7, 24 9

corporation s, 227–28

common law and, 223 –25

corporation s

Charter applicat ion, 227–28

liability, 228

defences, 228–29

mistake of l aw, 103

driving w hile suspended, 102

Accessories. See Parties to offence

Accessory a fter the fact, 164–65

actus reus, 164– 65

mens re a, 165

Accomplices. See Parties to of fence

Accused persons

arrest. See A rrest

bail. See Bail

Charter right s. See also Charter of

Rights an d Freedoms

procedural fa irness. See Proced-

ural fairness

substantive fairness. See Substan-

tive fairness

compulsion to test ify, 60

counsel, rig ht to. See Right to counsel

defences. See Defences

detention. See Detent ion

interrogation , 41, 505

presumption of in nocence. See Pre-

sumption of innocence

silence, right to, 42, 505

trial proc ess. See Trial process

Actus reus, 10–11, 87–129, 523

accessory a fter the fact, 164–65

aiding and abet ting, 154–56

assault, 442

attempts, 137–40

INDEX

CR IMIN AL LAW562

common intent of unla wful purpose,

161

con spi rac y, 143 –45

corporate cr ime

representat ives, 241, 243–44,

247–4 9

senior off‌icers, 246 –47

counselling

crime comm itted, 152

crime not commit ted, 147–48

crimin al act, codif‌ication, 88 –112

age-based restrictions, 107

application outside C anada, 106–7

ignorance of the l aw. See Ignor-

ance of the law

marked depar ture from standard,

95–97

policy element s, 107–12

statutory i nterpretation, 88– 89

strict and pur posive construction,

90–95

vague laws. See Va gue la ws

fraud, 460 –61

homicide offences, 389– 97

legislative re forms, potential area s,

125–2 8

mens re a

coincidence, 112–14

mur der, 401

correspon dence or symmetry,

76–7 7

relationship, 170–73

prohibited act, def‌ine d, 527

role in criminal liability, 112–21

causing prohibite d consequences,

114– 21. See also Causat ion

omission s, 121–23

simultaneous principle, 112–14

volunt arines s, 123–25

sexual assault, 442–48

cons ent, 443 –48

disting uished, 442–43

Ewanchuk case, 443–45

terroris t group participation, 465 –66

theft, 45 9–60

Age of responsibi lity, 107

Aiding and abet ting, 12–13, 153–60,

523. See also Part ies to offence

actus reus, 154–56

abandonment, 159

impossibil ity and, 151, 160

manslaughte r, 439–40

mens re a, 156–59

murder, 405–7, 439

Air of realit y, 58–59

all defences, 332

aut omat ism , 311–14

Charter and, 58–59

intoxication, 259

mistake of fa ct, 449–51

Alternat ive measures, 494

Appeals, 30–31

appellate court s, 30–31, 523

sentencing appe als, 478–79

Arbitrari ness, 523

detention or impri sonment, 37–39

laws, 68– 69

Arrest

right to counse l, 39–40

search incide nt to, 37

Assault

consent and, 107–11

sexual assault, 443–48

def‌i ned, 442

sexual a ssault. See also Sexual assault

disting uished from other assault s,

442–43

Assisted suicide, 440

Attempts, 11–12, 133–41, 523

actus reus, 137–40

causation in doubt , 120–21

con spi rac y, 144 –45

impossibility and, 140–41

legislative re form, potential areas,

167–6 8

mens re a, 134–37

murder, 75, 77–78, 135, 178–80

other offences, 136 –37

overview, 130–33

punishment, 133

suicide, 440

Automatism defence, 19, 309–22, 524

“air of realit y” test, 58, 311–14

burden of proof, 57, 311–14

Charter applicat ion, 286–87

consequences of ac quittal based on,

309 –11

emotional blows, 316–18

intoxication and , 319–20