Lettres.
Author | Saumur, Lucien |
Monsieur,
Dans le numéro de l'hiver 2009, Scott Thurlow défendait le système majoritaire uninominal et s'opposait à son remplacement par la représentation proportionnelle. Dans le numéro du printemps 2010, Bronwen Bruch, présidente du Mouvement pour la représentation équitable au Canada, répondait en défendant ce dernier mode de scrutin.
Les partisans de la représentation proportionnelle ne critiquent pas le système majoritaire pour la façon dont il incite les gens à voter, mais plutôt pour la façon dont les votes sont dépouillés à l'issue des élections. Ils estiment que le vote des citoyens constitue l'expression de leur intention. Le dépouillement des votes, selon eux, ne respecte pas celle-ci. Bien sûr, ils désirent également modifier la façon dont le vote se déroule. Ces changements ne permettraient cependant pas aux citoyens de mieux exprimer leur intention, ils ne feraient que faciliter le dépouillement des votes.
Pour appuyer leur point de vue, les partisans de la représentation proportionnelle supposent que les électeurs votent seulement en fonction de leur idéologie et qu'ils choisissent le candidat qui s'en approche le plus. Si c'était le cas, chaque élection donnerait les mêmes résultats. Puisque les résultats changent, nous pouvons assumer qu'un certain nombre d'électeurs prennent en considération les titres et qualités du candidat au lieu de s'en tenir à leurs idéologies. Ils ne votent pas pour un candidat qui défend des idées marginales, mais ils n'hésitent pas à appuyer un candidat compétent soutenant des idées modérées.
Le système majoritaire laisse à désirer parce que les députés élus représentent avant tout un parti politique avant de représenter leurs électeurs. On pourrait ainsi considérer que le Parlement du Canada n'est pas composé de 308 membres, mais plutôt de 4 groupes de députés appuyant chacun l'un des 4 partis politiques. La proportionnelle ne corrigerait pas ce défaut. En fait, elle l'aggraverait. Dans le système majoritaire, les courses électorales semblent opposer des partis et non des candidats. Cette situation s'explique par le fait que chaque parti ne peut présenter qu'un seul candidat par circonscription. Autrement, les...
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