Made in Nunavut : An Experiment in Decentralized Government.
Date | 22 September 2016 |
Author | Brock, David M. |
Made in Nunavut : An Experiment in Decentralized Government, Jack Hicks and Graham White, University of British Columbia Press, Vancouver, 2015, 375 pages
Jack Anawak faisait partie du cabinet du gouvernement du Nunavut lorsqu'il a publiquement dénoncé, en 2003, la décision du cabinet de déménager à Baker Lake des bureaux de la fonction publique alors situés dans sa localité, Rankin Inlet. Ayant ainsi rompu la solidarité ministérielle, il fut démis de ses fonctions et expulsé du conseil exécutif. J'occupais à l'époque le premier poste de ma carrière au cabinet du gouvernement du Nunavut. J'estime encore aujourd'hui que cet événement, qui déclencha un grand débat public, est un bel exemple de l'application concrète des conventions constitutionnelles canadiennes. C'était également une manifestation frappante de deux décennies de différends au Nunavut dans le dossier de la politique dite de décentralisation.
La décision du Nunavut de structurer son gouvernement selon un modèle << radicalement décentralisé ou déconcentré >> constitue le << thème central >> de l'ouvrage (12). La façon dont les décisionnaires et administrateurs en sont arrivés à dresser et à mettre en oeuvre un tel arrangement politique et administratif est décrite dans les plus menus détails. Le récit est illustré par une description des débats qui ont eu lieu au sujet des promesses qui avaient été faites concernant la structure du programme de décentralisation, son coût, sa mise en oeuvre et son évaluation. Le résultat final est un des ouvrages les plus complets jamais réalisés sur la création d'un nouveau gouvernement territorial dans l'Arctique de l'Est canadien.
Le récit est arrangé chronologiquement. Il commence par les dernières étapes de la négociation de l'Accord sur les revendications territoriales du Nunavut (ARTN)--dont l'article 4 prévoit l'établissement d'un gouvernement public pour tous les résidents de l'Arctique de l'Est plutôt qu'un gouvernement autonome seulement pour les Inuits--et termine avec les derniers chiffres sur la fonction publique du Nunavut en 2014. Une vingtaine de pages au début de l'ouvrage est dévouée à la terminologie et à un recueil des analyses comparatives des administrations publiques déconcentrées; ce survol, aussi succinct soit-il, fournit un contexte important aux lecteurs, leur permettant de mieux comprendre comment les politiciens, les bureaucrates et ensuite les consultants ont tous pu avoir une interprétation différente, parfois même...
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