Temporary Special Measures: A Possible Solution to Get More Women Into Politics.

• Author: Green, Julie

In some ways, the Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories has been a trailblazer in terms of diversity of representation in Canada. Since full responsible government returned in 1983, a majority of its MLAs have been Indigenous, as have all but two of its premiers. Moreover, Nellie Cournoyea became the first Indigenous woman to become premier of a province or territory in Canada and only the second woman ever to hold a premiership in the country. In terms of electing women to the Assembly, however, it has lagged behind many other jurisdictions. Currently only two MLAs are women (10 per cent of the Assembly) and since 1999 the Assembly has only surpassed this number of women MLAs once--three (or 15.8 per cent in 2007). In order to become a more representative body, the territorial Assembly unanimously adopted a motion to ensure at least 20 per cent of MLAs are women by 2023, and at least 30 per cent of MLAs are women by 2027. In this article, the author explains the concept of temporary special measures to achieve this goal. She outlines the experience of Samoa, another small jurisdiction with Westminster roots in which women were substantially underrepresented in parliament, to demonstrate how the NWT might reach these benchmarks. She concludes by noting that temporary special measures are one way of increasing women's representation in assemblies, but others may work as well depending on the jurisdiction's political culture and institutions.

**********

One of the priorities of the 18th Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories is "supporting initiatives designed to increase the number of women running for elected office."

The Speaker of the Legislative Assembly, Jackson Lafferty, has taken up this challenge, along with his MLA colleagues. On International Women's Day, he shared his vision: "We, as elected leaders of this territory, have the ability to act as role models and also supporters to change the status quo. We must encourage female participation in all aspects of work and life, but especially within our own legislature."

On March 8, 2018, all 19 members unanimously adopted a motion to give that aspiration meaning by establishing a goal of increasing the representation of women in the Legislative Assembly to 20 per cent by 2023 and 30 per cent by 2027. The United Nations has determined that 30 per cent is the threshold at which elected women can bring about significant and lasting policy changes.

In many ways, the...