R. v. Brighteyes (P.J.), (1997) 199 A.R. 161 (QB)
| Judge | Murray, J. |
| Court | Court of Queen's Bench of Alberta (Canada) |
| Case Date | April 01, 1997 |
| Citations | (1997), 199 A.R. 161 (QB) |
R. v. Brighteyes (P.J.) (1997), 199 A.R. 161 (QB)
MLB headnote and full text
Her Majesty The Queen v. Peter John Brighteyes
(Action No. 9603-1536-C3)
Indexed As: R. v. Brighteyes (P.J.)
Alberta Court of Queen's Bench
Judicial District of Edmonton
Murray, J.
April 1, 1997.
Summary:
The accused was charged with first degree murder. He elected, with Crown consent, to be tried by judge alone. Police had invoked ss. 487.04 to 487.09 of the Criminal Code to obtain a warrant authorizing the seizure of bodily substance samples (buccal swap, hair and blood) from the accused for the purpose of forensic DNA analysis. The accused gave a blood sample under protest. The accused claimed that ss. 487.04 to 487.09 violated ss. 7 and 8 of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms and were not saved by s. 1 of the Charter.
The Alberta Court of Queen's Bench held that the challenged sections did not constitute an unreasonable search and seizure contrary to s. 8. The sections violated the security of the person contrary to the principles of fundamental justice (Charter, s. 7), but were reasonable limits prescribed by law under s. 1 of the Charter.
Civil Rights - Topic 1217
Security of the person - Lawful or reasonable search - Unreasonable search and seizure - What constitutes - [See Civil Rights - Topic 1404.2 ].
Civil Rights - Topic 1404.2
Security of the person - Law enforcement - Hair and bodily fluid samples - Sections 487.04 to 487.09 of the Criminal Code provided for the mandatory seizure of biological samples (buccal swab, hair or blood) from persons suspected of designated offences, for the purpose of forensic DNA analysis - A warrant was required based on information on oath - Unlike a venous blood sample, blood was taken by means of a skin prick, a less intrusive procedure - The sections provided for taking of samples by trained officers and adequately safeguarded the health of persons subjected to mandatory samples - The Alberta Court of Queen's Bench held that the sections did not constitute an unreasonable search and seizure contrary to s. 8 - The sections violated the security of the person contrary to the principles of fundamental justice (Charter, s. 7), but were reasonable limits prescribed by law under s. 1 of the Charter.
Civil Rights - Topic 4378
Protection against self-incrimination - Incriminating conditions of the body - Blood test - [See Civil Rights - Topic 1404.2 ].
Civil Rights - Topic 8344
Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms - Application - Exceptions - Principles of fundamental justice (s. 7) - [See Civil Rights - Topic 1404.2 ].
Civil Rights - Topic 8348
Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms - Application - Exceptions - Reasonable limits prescribed by law (s. 1) - [See Civil Rights - Topic 1404.2 ].
Cases Noticed:
R. v. Stillman (W.W.D.), [1997] 1 S.C.R. 607; 209 N.R. 81; 185 N.B.R.(2d) 1; 472 A.P.R. 1, refd to. [para. 13].
Reference Re Section 94(2) of the Motor Vehicle Act (B.C.), [1985] 2 S.C.R. 486; 63 N.R. 266; 48 C.R.(3d) 289; 23 C.C.C.(3d) 289; [1986] 1 W.W.R. 481, refd to. [para. 14].
Southam Inc. v. Hunter, [1984] 2 S.C.R. 145; 55 N.R. 241; 55 A.R. 291; 9 C.R.R. 355; 14 C.C.C.(3d) 97; 41 C.R.(3d) 97; [1984] 6 W.W.R. 577; 33 Alta. L.R.(2d) 193; 27 B.L.R. 297; 84 D.T.C. 6467; 2 C.P.R.(3d) 1; 11 D.L.R.(4th) 641, refd to. [para. 15].
R. v. Big M Drug Mart Ltd., [1985] 1 S.C.R. 295; 58 N.R. 81; 60 A.R. 161; [1985] 3 W.W.R. 481; 18 C.C.C.(3d) 385; 18 D.L.R.(4th) 321; 37 Alta. L.R.(2d) 97; 85 C.L.L.C. 14,023; 13 C.R.R. 64, refd to. [para. 15].
R. v. Morgentaler, [1988] 1 S.C.R. 30; 82 N.R. 1; 26 O.A.C. 1; 44 D.L.R.(4th) 385; 31 C.R.R. 1; 37 C.C.C.(3d) 449; 62 C.R.(3d) 1, refd to. [para. 16].
R. v. Hebert, [1990] 2 S.C.R. 151; 110 N.R. 1; [1990] 5 W.W.R. 1; 57 C.C.C.(3d) 1; 77 C.R.(3d) 145; 49 C.R.R. 114; 47 B.C.L.R.(2d) 1, refd to. [para. 19].
R. v. Beare; R. v. Higgins, [1988] 2 S.C.R. 387; 88 N.R. 205; 71 Sask.R. 1; 45 C.C.C.(3d) 57; [1989] 1 W.W.R. 97; 66 C.R.(3d) 97, refd to. [para. 21].
R. v. Lyons, [1987] 2 S.C.R. 309; 80 N.R. 161; 82 N.S.R.(2d) 271; 207 A.P.R. 271; 37 C.C.C.(3d) 1, refd to. [para. 21].
Katz v. United States (1967), 389 U.S. 347 (S.C.), refd to. [para. 22].
R. v. Dyment, [1988] 2 S.C.R. 417; 89 N.R. 249; 73 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 13; 229 A.P.R. 13; 45 C.C.C.(3d) 244; 10 M.V.R.(2d) 1; 66 C.R.(3d) 348; 55 D.L.R.(4th) 503, refd to. [para. 22].
Thomson Newspapers Ltd. v. Director of Investigation and Research, Combines Investigation Act et al., [1990] 1 S.C.R. 425; 106 N.R. 161; 39 O.A.C. 161; 54 C.C.C.(3d) 417; 76 C.R.(3d) 129; 67 D.L.R.(4th) 161; 29 C.P.R.(3d) 97; 47 C.R.R. 1, refd to. [para. 28].
R. v. Pohoretsky, [1987] 1 S.C.R. 945; 75 N.R. 1; 47 Man.R.(2d) 295; 33 C.C.C.(3d) 398, refd to. [para. 30].
R. v. Durette et al., [1994] 1 S.C.R. 469; 163 N.R. 321; 70 O.A.C. 1; 88 C.C.C.(3d) 1, refd to. [para. 37].
R. v. Farinacci - see R. v. Durette et al.
R. v. Thompson et al., [1990] 2 S.C.R. 1111; 114 N.R. 1; 59 C.C.C.(3d) 225; [1990] 6 W.W.R. 481; 49 B.C.L.R.(2d) 321; 80 C.R.(3d) 129; 73 D.L.R.(4th) 596; 50 C.R.R. 1, refd to. [para. 39].
R. v. Sampson (1983), 9 C.C.C.(3d) 194 (Ont. C.A.), refd to. [para. 39].
R. v. Garofoli, [1990] 2 S.C.R. 1421; 116 N.R. 241; 43 O.A.C. 1; 36 Q.A.C. 161; 60 C.C.C.(3d) 161; 80 C.R.(3d) 317; 50 C.R.R. 206, refd to. [para. 39].
R. v. Sanelli, Duarte and Fasciano, [1990] 1 S.C.R. 30; 103 N.R. 86; 37 O.A.C. 322; 53 C.C.C.(3d) 1; 65 D.L.R.(4th) 240; 71 O.R.(2d) 575; 74 C.R.(3d) 281; 45 C.R.R. 278, refd to. [para. 39].
R. v. Finlay and Grellette (1985), 11 O.A.C. 279; 23 C.C.C.(3d) 48 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 39].
R. v. Greffe, [1990] 1 S.C.R. 755; 107 N.R. 1; 107 A.R. 1; 55 C.C.C.(3d) 161; 75 C.R.(3d) 257; 46 C.R.R. 1; [1990] 3 W.W.R. 577; 73 Alta. L.R.(2d) 97, refd to. [para. 40].
R. v. Collins, [1987] 1 S.C.R. 265; 74 N.R. 276; 56 C.R.(3d) 193; [1987] 3 W.W.R. 699; 38 D.L.R.(4th) 508; 33 C.C.C.(3d) 1; 28 C.R.R. 122; 13 B.C.L.R.(2d) 1, refd to. [para. 40].
R. v. Garcia-Guiterrez (1991), 65 C.C.C.(3d) 15 (B.C.C.A.), refd to. [para. 40].
Baron et al. v. Minister of National Revenue et al., [1993] 1 S.C.R. 416; 146 N.R. 270, refd to. [para. 44].
Cloutier v. Langlois and Bédard, [1990] 1 S.C.R. 158; 105 N.R. 241; 30 Q.A.C. 241; 53 C.C.C.(3d) 257, refd to. [para. 51].
R. v. Dedman, [1985] 2 S.C.R. 2; 60 N.R. 34; 11 O.A.C. 241; 46 C.R.(3d) 193; 20 C.C.C.(3d) 97; 34 M.V.R. 1, refd to. [para. 51].
Société Radio-Canada v. Nouveau-Brunswick (Procureur général) et autres, [1991] 3 S.C.R. 459; 130 N.R. 362; 119 N.B.R.(2d) 271; 300 A.P.R. 271, refd to. [para. 59].
R. v. Simmons, [1988] 2 S.C.R. 495; 89 N.R. 1; 30 O.A.C. 241; 66 C.R.(3d) 297; 45 C.C.C.(3d) 296; 38 C.R.R. 252; 18 C.E.R. 227; 55 D.L.R.(4th) 673, refd to. [para. 64].
R. v. Bowen and Kay (1990), 111 A.R. 146; 59 C.C.C.(3d) 515 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 64].
R. v. Borden (J.R.), [1994] 3 S.C.R. 145; 171 N.R. 1; 134 N.S.R.(2d) 321; 383 A.P.R. 321; 92 C.C.C.(3d) 404, refd to. [para. 65].
R. v. Love (R.J.) (1995), 174 A.R. 360; 102 W.A.C. 360; 102 C.C.C.(3d) 393 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 65].
Breithaupt v. Abram (1957), 352 U.S. 432 (S.C.), refd to. [para. 66].
Schmerber v. California (1965), 348 U.S. 757 (S.C.), refd to. [para. 66].
R. v. Schweir, [1993] O.J. No. 304 (Gen. Div.), refd to. [para. 67].
R. v. Stinchcombe, [1991] 3 S.C.R. 326; 130 N.R. 277; 120 A.R. 161; 8 W.A.C. 161; 68 C.C.C.(3d) 1, refd to. [para. 73].
R. v. Galbraith and Saikaly (1989), 98 A.R. 241; 49 C.C.C.(3d) 178 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 79].
R. v. Carrier (A.J.) (1996), 181 A.R. 284; 116 W.A.C. 284 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 82].
R. v. Otten (D.J.) (1994), 148 A.R. 378 (Q.B.), refd to. [para. 82].
R. v. Harris and Lighthouse Video Centres Ltd. (1987), 20 O.A.C. 26; 35 C.C.C.(3d) 1 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 83].
R. v. Gray (L.M.) (1993), 85 Man.R.(2d) 211; 41 W.A.C. 211 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 83].
Miron and Valliere v. Trudel et al., [1995] 2 S.C.R. 418; 181 N.R. 253; 81 O.A.C. 253, refd to. [para. 85].
Schachter v. Canada et al., [1992] 2 S.C.R. 679; 139 N.R. 1, refd to. [para. 85].
R. v. Jones (S.), [1994] 2 S.C.R. 229; 166 N.R. 321; 43 B.C.A.C. 241; 69 W.A.C. 241; 89 C.C.C.(3d) 353, refd to. [para. 87].
R. v. R.J.S., [1995] 1 S.C.R. 451; 177 N.R. 81; 78 O.A.C. 161; 96 C.C.C.(3d) 1, refd to. [para. 87].
R. v. Oakes, [1986] 1 S.C.R. 103; 65 N.R. 87; 14 O.A.C. 335; 26 D.L.R.(4th) 200; 50 C.R.(3d) 1; 24 C.C.C.(3d) 321; 19 C.R.R. 308, refd to. [para. 99].
RJR-MacDonald Inc. et Imperial Tobacco Ltd. v. Canada (Procureur général), [1995] 3 S.C.R. 199; 187 N.R. 1; 100 C.C.C.(3d) 449, refd to. [para. 100].
R. v. Keegstra, [1990] 3 S.C.R. 697; 117 N.R. 1; 114 A.R. 81; 1 C.R.(4th) 129; 77 Alta. L.R.(2d) 193; [1991] 2 W.W.R. 1; 61 C.C.C.(3d) 1; 3 C.R.R.(2d) 193, refd to. [para. 101].
United States of America v. Cotroni; United States of America v. El Zein, [1989] 1 S.C.R. 1469; 96 N.R. 321; 23 Q.A.C. 182, refd to. [para. 101].
R. v. Wholesale Travel Group Inc. and Chedore, [1991] 3 S.C.R. 154; 130 N.R. 1; 49 O.A.C. 161; 67 C.C.C.(3d) 193; 8 C.R.(4th) 145, refd to. [para. 101].
R. v. Bourguigon, [1991] O.J. No. 2670 (Gen. Div.), refd to. [para. 109].
R. v. Parent (1988), 91 A.R. 307; 46 C.C.C.(3d) 414 (Q.B.), refd to. [para. 111].
R. v. Nikolovski (A.), [1996] 3 S.C.R. 1197; 204 N.R. 333; 96 O.A.C. 1; 111 C.C.C.(3d) 403, refd to. [para. 113].
Kindler v. Canada (Minister of Justice), [1991] 2 S.C.R. 779; 129 N.R. 81; 8 C.R.(4th) 1, refd to. [para. 115].
R. v. Swain, [1991] 1 S.C.R. 933; 125 N.R. 1; 47 O.A.C. 81; 63 C.C.C.(3d) 481, refd to. [para. 116].
Committee for the Commonwealth of Canada v. Canada, [1991] 1 S.C.R. 139; 120 N.R. 241, refd to. [para. 118].
Reference Re ss. 193 and 195.1(1)(c) of the Criminal Code, [1990] 1 S.C.R. 1123; 109 N.R. 81; 68 Man.R.(2d) 1; 56 C.C.C.(3d) 65; 77 C.R.(3d) 1; [1990] 4 W.W.R. 481, refd to. [para. 137].
R. v. Matheson (R.N.), [1994] 3 S.C.R. 328; 172 N.R. 108; 123 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 271; 382 A.P.R. 271, refd to. [para. 141].
R. v. Sellars, [1980] 1 S.C.R. 527; 32 N.R. 70, refd to. [para. 141].
Statutes Noticed:
Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, 1982, sect. 1 [para. 98]; sect. 7 [para. 18]; sect. 8 [para. 21].
Criminal Code, R.S.C. 1985, c. C-46, sect. 487.04, sect. 487.05, sect. 487.06, sect. 487.07, sect. 487.08, sect. 487.09 [Schedule A].
Authors and Works Noticed:
American Journal of Criminal Law, vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 476, 477, 478 [para. 109].
Canada, Hansard, House of Commons Debates, June 22, 1985, vol. 133, No. 224, 1st Sess., 35th Parl., p. 14,489 [para. 25].
Canada, Law Reform Commission, Report No. 25, Obtaining Forensic Evidence (1985), generally [para. 130].
Canada, Law Reform Commission, Report on Recodifying Criminal Procedure, vol. 1, Part 3, generally [para. 132].
Counsel:
R.G. McCuaig, Q.C., and J.A. Bowron, for the Crown;
L.G. Anderson, for the accused.
This application was heard before Murray, J., of the Alberta Court of Queen's Bench, Judicial District of Edmonton, who delivered the following judgment on April 1, 1997, with written reasons provided on April 14, 1997.
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R. v. S.A.B. et al., 2001 ABCA 235
...- Expert evidence - Particular matters - DNA evidence - [See Criminal Law - Topic 5585 ]. Cases Noticed: R. v. Brighteyes (P.J.) (1997), 199 A.R. 161 (Q.B.), consd. [para. 3]. Trask Well Co. v. Northern Food Products Inc. (1952), 31 M.P.R. 325 (N.S.C.A.), refd to. [para. 4]. Mayne v. Kidd, ......
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S.F. v. Canada (Attorney General) et al., (1997) 47 O.T.C. 321 (GD)
...to. [para. 106]. R. v. Knox (W.), [1996] 3 S.C.R. 199; 202 N.R. 228; 109 C.C.C.(3d) 481, refd to. [para. 108]. R. v. Brighteyes (R.J.) (1997), 199 A.R. 161 (Q.B.), refd to. [para. R. v. R.J.S., [1995] 1 S.C.R. 451; 177 N.R. 81; 78 O.A.C. 161; 36 C.R.(4th) 1; 96 C.C.C.(3d) 1, refd to. [para.......
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R. v. S.A.B., 2003 SCC 60
...evidence carefully and appropriately. His verdict was not based solely on the DNA results. Cases Cited Referred to : R. v. Brighteyes (1997), 199 A.R. 161; R. v. White, [1999] 2 S.C.R. 417; R. v. Jones, [1994] 2 S.C.R. 229; R. v. S. (R.J.), [1995] 1 S.C.R. 451; R. v. Stillman, [1997] 1 S.C.......
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R. v. S.A.B. et al., (2003) 339 A.R. 1 (SCC)
...- Expert evidence - Particular matters - DNA evidence - [See Criminal Law - Topic 5585 ]. Cases Noticed: R. v. Brighteyes (P.J.) (1997), 199 A.R. 161 (Q.B.), refd to. [para. 25]. R. v. White (J.K.), [1999] 2 S.C.R. 417; 240 N.R. 1; 123 B.C.A.C. 161; 201 W.A.C. 161, refd to. [para. 29]. R. v......
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R. v. S.A.B. et al., 2001 ABCA 235
...- Expert evidence - Particular matters - DNA evidence - [See Criminal Law - Topic 5585 ]. Cases Noticed: R. v. Brighteyes (P.J.) (1997), 199 A.R. 161 (Q.B.), consd. [para. 3]. Trask Well Co. v. Northern Food Products Inc. (1952), 31 M.P.R. 325 (N.S.C.A.), refd to. [para. 4]. Mayne v. Kidd, ......
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S.F. v. Canada (Attorney General) et al., (1997) 47 O.T.C. 321 (GD)
...to. [para. 106]. R. v. Knox (W.), [1996] 3 S.C.R. 199; 202 N.R. 228; 109 C.C.C.(3d) 481, refd to. [para. 108]. R. v. Brighteyes (R.J.) (1997), 199 A.R. 161 (Q.B.), refd to. [para. R. v. R.J.S., [1995] 1 S.C.R. 451; 177 N.R. 81; 78 O.A.C. 161; 36 C.R.(4th) 1; 96 C.C.C.(3d) 1, refd to. [para.......
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R. v. S.A.B., 2003 SCC 60
...evidence carefully and appropriately. His verdict was not based solely on the DNA results. Cases Cited Referred to : R. v. Brighteyes (1997), 199 A.R. 161; R. v. White, [1999] 2 S.C.R. 417; R. v. Jones, [1994] 2 S.C.R. 229; R. v. S. (R.J.), [1995] 1 S.C.R. 451; R. v. Stillman, [1997] 1 S.C.......
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R. v. S.A.B. et al., (2003) 339 A.R. 1 (SCC)
...- Expert evidence - Particular matters - DNA evidence - [See Criminal Law - Topic 5585 ]. Cases Noticed: R. v. Brighteyes (P.J.) (1997), 199 A.R. 161 (Q.B.), refd to. [para. 25]. R. v. White (J.K.), [1999] 2 S.C.R. 417; 240 N.R. 1; 123 B.C.A.C. 161; 201 W.A.C. 161, refd to. [para. 29]. R. v......