R. v. Wilder (D.M.), [2002] B.C.T.C. 705 (SC)

• Judge: Romilly, J.
• Court: Supreme Court of British Columbia (Canada)
• Case Date: May 13, 2002
• Jurisdiction: British Columbia
• Citations: [2002] B.C.T.C. 705 (SC);2002 BCSC 705

R. v. Wilder (D.M.), [2002] B.C.T.C. 705 (SC)

MLB headnote and full text

Temp. Cite: [2002] B.C.T.C. TBEd. SE.030

Her Majesty the Queen v. Dara Wilder

(CC901654; 2002 BCSC 705)

Indexed As: R. v. Wilder (D.M.)

British Columbia Supreme Court

Vancouver

Romilly, J.

May 13, 2002.

Summary:

This headnote contains no summary.

Civil Rights - Topic 8469

Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms - Interpretation - United States experience - See paragraphs 109 to 118.

Criminal Law - Topic 2682

Attempts, conspiracies, accessories and parties - Conspiracies - Conspirator's exception to hearsay rule - See paragraphs 154 to 167.

Criminal Law - Topic 5202

Evidence and witnesses - General - Admissibility - Whether relevant and material - See paragraphs 109 to 205.

Criminal Law - Topic 5339

Evidence and witnesses - Confessions and voluntary statements - Admissibility - Statements made under statutory compulsion - See paragraphs 109 to 205.

Criminal Law - Topic 5352

Evidence and witnesses - Confessions and voluntary statements - Statements to a person in authority - See paragraphs 89 to 108.

Criminal Law - Topic 5355

Evidence and witnesses - Confessions and voluntary statements - Whether statement was made freely and voluntarily - See paragraphs 89 to 108.

Evidence - Topic 1527

Hearsay rule - Hearsay rule exceptions and exclusions - General - Where admission of hearsay necessary and evidence reliable - See paragraphs 58 to 82.

Evidence - Topic 1582

Hearsay rule - Hearsay rule exceptions and exclusions - Business records - Regular entries - Entries or records made in the regular course of a business - See paragraphs 58 to 82.

Statutes - Topic 1845

Interpretation - Intrinsic aids - Titles, headings and section numbers - Headings and marginal notes - See paragraphs 180 to 182.

Statutes - Topic 1846

Interpretation - Intrinsic aids - Titles, headings and section numbers - Titles - See paragraphs 180 to 182.

Cases Noticed:

R. v. Osolin, [1993] 4 S.C.R. 595; 162 N.R. 1; 38 B.C.A.C. 81; 62 W.A.C. 81; 109 D.L.R.(4th) 478; 86 C.C.C.(3d) 481; 26 C.R.(4th) 1; 19 C.R.R.(2d) 93, refd to. [para. 13].

R. v. Bourassa (1991), 38 Q.A.C. 10; 67 C.C.C.(3d) 143 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 13].

R. v. Anderson (1938), 70 C.C.C. 275 (Man. C.A.), refd to. [para. 13].

R. v. Tran (V.P.) (2001), 149 O.A.C. 120; 44 C.R.(5th) 12 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 14].

R. v. McGibbon (1988), 31 O.A.C. 10; 45 C.C.C.(3d) 334 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 14].

R. v. Wilder (D.M.) (2000), 132 B.C.A.C. 122; 215 W.A.C. 122; 142 C.C.C.(3d) 418 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 19].

R. v. White (J.K.) (1998), 102 B.C.A.C. 28; 166 W.A.C. 28; 122 C.C.C.(3d) 167 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 20].

R. v. Jackson (1898), 2 C.C.C. 149 (N.S.S.C.), refd to. [para. 40].

R. v. Erven, [1979] 1 S.C.R. 926; 25 N.R. 49; 30 N.S.R.(2d) 89; 49 A.P.R. 89; 44 C.C.C.(2d) 76, refd to. [para. 40].

R. v. M.C.H., [1998] 2 S.C.R. 449; 230 N.R. 1; 113 O.A.C. 97; 127 C.C.C.(3d) 449, refd to. [para. 40].

R. v. Wells (S.W.) (1998), 230 N.R. 183; 112 B.C.A.C. 101; 182 W.A.C. 101; 107 C.C.C.(3d) 500 (S.C.C.), refd to. [para. 40].

R. v. Collins, [1987] 1 S.C.R. 265; 74 N.R. 276; 56 C.R.(3d) 193; [1987] 3 W.W.R. 699; 38 D.L.R.(4th) 508; 33 C.C.C.(3d) 1; 13 B.C.L.R.(2d) 1; 28 C.R.R. 122, refd to. [para. 41].

R. v. Kutynec (1992), 52 O.A.C. 59; 70 C.C.C.(3d) 289 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 41].

Southam Inc. v. Hunter, [1984] 2 S.C.R. 145; 55 N.R. 241; 55 A.R. 291; 9 C.R.R. 355; 14 C.C.C.(3d) 97; 41 C.R.(3d) 97; [1984] 6 W.W.R. 577; 33 Alta. L.R.(2d) 193; 27 B.L.R. 297; 84 D.T.C. 6467; 2 C.P.R.(3d) 1; 11 D.L.R.(4th) 641, refd to. [para. 41].

R. v. Prosper, [1994] 3 S.C.R. 236; 172 N.R. 161; 133 N.S.R.(2d) 321; 380 A.P.R. 321; 92 C.C.C.(3d) 353, refd to. [para. 41].

R. v. Saplys (L.) et al. (1999), 90 O.T.C. 100; 132 C.C.C.(3d) 515 (Gen. Div.), refd to. [para. 50].

R. v. Melnychuk (G.), [2001] 9 W.W.R. 98; 208 Sask.R. 268 (Q.B.), refd to. [para. 51].

R. v. Jarvis (W.J.) (2000), 271 A.R. 263; 234 W.A.C. 263; 149 C.C.C.(3d) 498 (C.A.), leave to appeal granted (2001), 271 N.R. 397; 286 A.R. 200; 253 W.A.C. 200 (S.C.C.), refd to. [para. 51].

R. v. Dial Drug Stores Ltd. (2001), 52 O.R.(3d) 367 (Prov. Ct.), refd to. [para. 51].

R. v. Smith (A.L.), [1992] 2 S.C.R. 915; 139 N.R. 323; 55 O.A.C. 321; 75 C.C.C.(3d) 257; 94 D.L.R.(4th) 590; 15 C.R.(4th) 133, refd to. [para. 62].

R. v. Khan, [1990] 2 S.C.R. 531; 113 N.R. 53; 41 O.A.C. 353; 59 C.C.C.(3d) 92, refd to. [para. 62].

R. v. Finta, [1994] 1 S.C.R. 701; 165 N.R. 1; 70 O.A.C. 241; 112 D.L.R.(4th) 513; 88 C.C.C.(3d) 417, refd to. [para. 63].

R. v. West (R.G.), [2001] O.T.C. 648; 45 C.R.(5th) 307 (Sup. Ct.), refd to. [para. 64].

R. v. Meaney (A.J.) (1997), 145 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 306; 453 A.P.R. 306; 111 C.C.C.(3d) 55 (Nfld. C.A.), refd to. [para. 66].

R. v. K.G.B., [1993] 1 S.C.R. 740; 148 N.R. 241; 61 O.A.C. 1; 79 C.C.C.(3d) 257; 19 C.R.(4th) 1, refd to. [para. 68].

R. v. Starr (R.D.), [2000] 2 S.C.R. 144; 258 N.R. 250; 148 Man.R.(2d) 161; 224 W.A.C. 161; 147 C.C.C.(3d) 449; 190 D.L.R.(4th) 591, refd to. [para. 70].

R. v. Wilcox (J.A.) et al. (2001), 192 N.S.R.(2d) 159; 599 A.P.R. 159 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 74].

R. v. Monkhouse, [1988] 1 W.W.R. 725; 83 A.R. 62 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 74].

R. v. Grimba and Wilder (1977), 38 C.C.C.(2d) 469 (Ont. Co. Ct.), refd to. [para. 77].

R. v. Biasi et al. (1981), 66 C.C.C.(2d) 563 (B.C.S.C.), refd to. [para. 77].

Ibrahim v. R., [1914] A.C. 599 (P.C.), refd to. [para. 90].

Boudreau v. R. (1949), 94 C.C.C. 1 (S.C.C.), refd to. [para. 90].

R. v. Fitton (1956), 116 C.C.C. 1 (S.C.C.), refd to. [para. 90].

R. v. Oickle (R.F.), [2000] 2 S.C.R. 3; 259 N.R. 227; 187 N.S.R.(2d) 201; 585 A.P.R. 201; 147 C.C.C.(3d) 321; 36 C.R.(5th) 129, refd to. [para. 91].

R. v. Moore-McFarlane (G.C.) et al. (2001), 152 O.A.C. 120; 47 C.R.(5th) 203 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 93].

R. v. Mills (B.J.), [1999] 3 S.C.R. 668; 248 N.R. 101; 244 A.R. 201; 209 W.A.C. 201; 139 C.C.C.(3d) 321, refd to. [para. 95].

R. v. Leipert (R.D.), [1997] 1 S.C.R. 281; 207 N.R. 145; 85 B.C.A.C. 162; 138 W.A.C. 162; [1997] 3 W.W.R. 458, refd to. [para. 95].

R. v. Ling (C.K.) (2000), 144 B.C.A.C. 92; 236 W.A.C. 92; 149 C.C.C.(3d) 126 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 106].

Dickerson v. United States (2000), 530 U.S. 428; 120 S. Ct. 2326, refd to. [para. 109].

United States v. Hubbell (2000), 530 U.S. 27; 120 S. Ct. 2037, refd to. [para. 109].

Fisher v. United States (1976), 425 U.S. 391, refd to. [para. 115].

R. v. Fitzpatrick (B.), [1995] 4 S.C.R. 154; 188 N.R. 248; 65 B.C.A.C. 1; 106 W.A.C. 1; 102 C.C.C.(3d) 144, refd to. [para. 120].

R. v. McKinlay Transport Ltd. and C.T. Transport Inc., [1990] 1 S.C.R. 627; 106 N.R. 385; 39 O.A.C. 385; 55 C.C.C.(3d) 530; 68 D.L.R.(4th) 568, refd to. [para. 123].

R. v. Wood (J.D.) (2001), 191 N.S.R.(2d) 201; 596 A.P.R. 20; 157 C.C.C.(3d) 389 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 128].

R. v. Menezes (C.), [2001] O.T.C. 705; 48 C.R.(5th) 163 (Sup. Ct.), refd to. [para. 141].

R. v. Hall (M.D.) et al., [1998] B.C.T.C. Uned. F41 (S.C.), refd to. [para. 142].

R. v. Seaboyer and Gayme, [1991] 2 S.C.R. 577; 128 N.R. 81; 48 O.A.C. 81; 66 C.C.C.(3d) 321; 7 C.R.(4th) 117; 83 D.L.R.(4th) 193, refd to. [para. 148].

R. v. Clarke (H.E.) (1998), 112 O.A.C. 233 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 148].

R. v. J.E.T., [1994] O.J. No. 3067 (Gen. Div.), refd to. [para. 149].

R. v. Collins (R.) (2001), 150 O.A.C. 220; 160 C.C.C.(3d) 85 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 150].

Koufis v. R., [1941] S.C.R. 481; 76 C.C.C. 161, refd to. [para. 154].

R. v. Baron and Wertman (1976), 31 C.C.C.(2d) 525 (Ont. C.A.), refd to. [para. 155].

R. v. Miller (1984), 12 C.C.C.(3d) 54 (B.C.C.A.), refd to. [para. 157].

R. v. Savard and Lizotte (1946), 85 C.C.C. 254 (S.C.C.), refd to. [para. 158].

R. v. Lord (D.C.), [1995] 1 S.C.R. 747; 178 N.R. 152; 53 B.C.A.C. 243; 87 W.A.C. 243, refd to. [para. 159].

R. v. Fisher (W.) et Beaudoin (F.) (1992), 52 Q.A.C. 118; 78 C.C.C.(3d) 458 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 159].

R. v. Simon (1986), 43 Man.R.(2d) 278 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 159].

R. v. Morrison (G.R.) (1997), 209 A.R. 235; 160 W.A.C. 235 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 159].

R. v. Falahatchian (M.) and Momeni (S.V.) (1995), 83 O.A.C. 55; 99 C.C.C.(3d) 420 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 159].

R. v. Loewen (J.K.) (1999), 134 Man.R.(2d) 234; 193 W.A.C. 234 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 159].

R. v. Lynch (1978), 40 C.C.C.(2d) 7 (Ont. C.A.), refd to. [para. 160].

R. v. Dass (1979), 47 C.C.C.(2d) 194 (Man. C.A.), refd to. [para. 161].

R. v. McNamara (1981), 56 C.C.C.(2d) 193 (Ont. C.A.), refd to. [para. 161].

R. v. Davidovic (1990), 51 A. Crim. R. 197 (Fed. Ct.), refd to. [para. 162].

R. v. May (1984), 4 O.A.C. 383; 13 C.C.C.(3d) 257 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 163].

R. v. Bachrack (1913), 21 C.C.C. 257 (Ont. C.A.), refd to. [para. 163].

R. v. Carter, [1982] 1 S.C.R. 938; 47 N.R. 288; 46 N.B.R.(2d) 142; 121 A.P.R. 142; 31 C.R.(3d) 97, refd to. [para. 164].

R. v. Durette et al., [1994] 1 S.C.R. 469; 163 N.R. 321; 70 O.A.C. 1; 88 C.C.C.(3d) 1; 28 C.R.(4th) 1, refd to. [para. 166].

R. v. Light (R.C.) and Hull (R.B.) (1993), 21 B.C.A.C. 241; 37 W.A.C. 241; 78 C.C.C.(3d) 221 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 166].

R. v. Duff (G.A.) (1994), 95 Man.R.(2d) 167; 70 W.A.C. 167; 32 C.R.(4th) 153 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 166].

R. v. Evans (C.D.), [1993] 3 S.C.R. 653; 158 N.R. 278; 145 A.R. 81; 55 W.A.C. 81; 85 C.C.C.(3d) 97; 25 C.R.(4th) 46, refd to. [para. 167].

Gaitens v. Minister of National Revenue, [1993] C.T.C. 2168; 93 D.T.C. 54 (Tax C.C.), refd to. [para. 171].

Regina Shoppers Mall Ltd. v. Minister of National Revenue (1990), 36 F.T.R. 161 (T.D.), refd to. [para. 171].

Luscher v. Minister of National Revenue (1985), 57 N.R. 386; 17 D.L.R.(4th) 503 (F.C.A.), refd to. [para. 171].

Berardinelli v. Ontario Housing Corp. et al., [1979] 1 S.C.R. 275; 23 N.R. 298, refd to. [para. 171].

Hazlewood v. Minister of National Revenue (1989), 30 F.T.R. 81; 89 D.T.C. 5537 (T.D.), refd to. [para. 171].

R. v. Taylor, [1985] 1 F.C. 331; 84 D.T.C. 6459 (T.D.), refd to. [para. 171].

Minister of National Revenue v. Ginsberg (1994), 94 D.T.C. 1430 (Tax C.C.), refd to. [para. 171].

Stollar (J.) Construction Ltd. v. Minister of Revenue (1989), 89 D.T.C. 134 (Tax C.C.), refd to. [para. 171].

Parsons v. Minister of National Revenue, [1984] 1 F.C. 804; 83 D.T.C. 5329 (T.D.), refd to. [para. 171].

Karpinka v. Minister of National Revenue (1958), 58 D.T.C. 191 (T.A.B.), refd to. [para. 171].

Del Zotto v. Minister of National Revenue et al. (1993), 161 N.R. 143 (F.C.A.), refd to. [para. 171].

Del Valle v. Minister of National Revenue (1986), 86 D.T.C. 1235 (Tax C.C.), refd to. [para. 171].

Gross v. Minister of National Revenue (1989), 89 D.T.C. 660 (Tax C.C.), refd to. [para. 171].

Dudelzak v. Canada (Minister of National Revenue) (1987), 87 D.T.C. 525 (Tax C.C.), refd to. [para. 171].

Kit-Win Holdings (1973) Ltd. v. R. (1981), 81 D.T.C. 5030 (F.C.T.D.), refd to. [para. 171].

Bolton v. Minister of National Revenue, [1996] 3 C.T.C. 3; 200 N.R. 303; 96 D.T.C. 6413 (F.C.A.), refd to. [para. 172].

James v. Minister of National Revenue (2000), 266 N.R. 104 (F.C.A.), refd to. [para. 172].

Pushpanathan v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration), [1998] 1 S.C.R. 982, addendum [1998] 1 S.C.R. 1222; 226 N.R. 201; 160 D.L.R.(4th) 193, refd to. [para. 174].

Rizzo & Rizzo Shoes Ltd. (Bankrupt), Re, [1998] 1 S.C.R. 27; 221 N.R. 241; 106 O.A.C. 1; 154 D.L.R.(4th) 193, refd to. [para. 175].

British Columbia v. Henfrey Samson Belair Ltd., [1989] 2 S.C.R. 24; 97 N.R. 61; 59 D.L.R.(4th) 726, refd to. [para. 176].

R. v. Tapaquon, [1993] 4 S.C.R. 535; 159 N.R. 321; 116 Sask.R. 81; 59 W.A.C. 81; 87 C.C.C.(3d) 1, refd to. [para. 177].

Canada (Attorney General) v. Jackson, [1946] S.C.R. 489, refd to. [para. 180].

Skapinker v. Law Society of Upper Canada, [1984] 1 S.C.R. 357; 53 N.R. 169; 3 O.A.C. 321; 11 C.C.C.(3d) 481; 9 D.L.R.(4th) 161; 8 C.R.R. 193, refd to. [para. 180].

R. v. Hafey et al., [1985] 1 S.C.R. 106; 57 N.R. 321; 67 N.S.R.(2d) 181; 155 A.P.R. 181, refd to. [para. 180].

Skoke-Graham v. R. - see R. v. Hafey et al.

R. v. Lohnes, [1992] 1 S.C.R. 167; 132 N.R. 297; 109 N.S.R.(2d) 145; 297 A.P.R. 145, refd to. [para. 181].

R. v. Wigglesworth, [1987] 2 S.C.R. 541; 81 N.R. 161; 61 Sask.R. 105; 24 O.A.C. 321; 45 D.L.R.(4th) 235; [1988] 1 W.W.R. 193; 60 C.R.(3d) 193; 28 Admin. L.R. 294; 32 C.R.R. 219; 37 C.C.C.(3d) 385, refd to. [para. 181].

R. v. Kelly, [1992] 2 S.C.R. 170; 137 N.R. 161; 9 B.C.A.C. 161; 19 W.A.C. 161; 92 D.L.R.(4th) 643; 73 C.C.C.(3d) 385, refd to. [para. 181].

R. v. Araujo (A.) et al. (2000), 262 N.R. 346; 143 B.C.A.C. 257; 235 W.A.C. 257; 149 C.C.C.(3d) 449 (S.C.C.), refd to. [para. 185].

R. v. Briggs (W.) (2001), 149 O.A.C. 244; 157 C.C.C.(3d) 38 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 185].

WTC Western Technologies Corp. v. Minister of National Revenue (1986), 1 F.T.R. 119; 86 D.T.C. 6027 (T.D.), refd to. [para. 194].

Statutes Noticed:

Income Tax Act, R.S.C. 1985 (5th Supp.), c. 1, sect. 30(1), sect. 30(6) [para. 59].

Authors and Works Noticed:

Driedger, Elmer A., Construction of Statutes (2nd Ed. 1983), generally [para. 185]; p. 105 [para. 176].

Maxwell, Peter Benson, Interpretation of Statutes (12th Ed. 1969), p. 199 [para. 171].

Phipson, The Law of Evidence (14th Ed. 1990), pp. 659 [para. 156]; 660 [para. 163].

Counsel:

Lyndsay Smith and Veda Kenda, for the Crown;

The accused, Dara Wilder in person.

This application was heard on November 27-29 and December 3-6, 2001 and February 4-7 and 18-21 and March 4-6, 11-14, 21 and 22 and April 4, 5, 8-11, 15, 16, 22-25 and 29 and May 1 and 6, 2002, before Romilly, J., of the British Columbia Supreme Court, who delivered the following decision on May 13, 2002.

Please note: The following judgment has not been edited.