Endean v. Canadian Red Cross Society et al., (1998) 106 B.C.A.C. 73 (CA)
| Judge | Cumming, Goldie and Braidwood, JJ.A. |
| Court | Court of Appeal (British Columbia) |
| Case Date | April 01, 1998 |
| Jurisdiction | British Columbia |
| Citations | (1998), 106 B.C.A.C. 73 (CA);1998 CanLII 6489 (BC CA);157 DLR (4th) 465;[1998] 9 WWR 136;48 BCLR (3d) 90;106 BCAC 73;42 CCLT (2d) 222;[1998] CarswellBC 716;[1998] BCJ No 724 (QL);172 WAC 73 |
Endean v. Red Cross (1998), 106 B.C.A.C. 73 (CA);
172 W.A.C. 73
MLB headnote and full text
Temp. Cite: [1998] B.C.A.C. TBEd. MY.060
Anita Endean, as representative plaintiff (plaintiff/respondent) v. The Canadian Red Cross Society, Her Majesty The Queen in right of the Province of British Columbia and The Attorney General of Canada (defendants/appellants) and Prince George Regional Hospital, Dr. Brian William Galliford, Dr. Robert Hart Dykes, Dr. Peter Houghton, Dr. John Doe, Her Majesty The Queen in right of Canada and Her Majesty The Queen in right of Canada and Her Majesty The Queen in right of the Prov- ince of British Columbia (third parties/appellants)
(CA023372, CA023373)
Indexed As: Endean v. Canadian Red Cross Society et al.
British Columbia Court of Appeal
Cumming, Goldie and Braidwood, JJ.A.
April 1, 1998.
Summary:
The plaintiff sued, inter alia, the federal and provincial Crown for damages for the tort of "spoliation", i.e., the intentional destruction of evidence in an action by the representative plaintiffs in a class action. The federal and provincial Crown alleged that plaintiff disclosed no cause of action. The trial judge held that the pleadings disclosed a cause of action in spoliation for the purpose of the Class Proceeding Act. The federal and provincial Crown appealed.
The British Columbia Court of Appeal allowed the appeals and decertified the action in spoliation.
Actions - Topic 1632
Cause of action - Torts - Spoliation - [See Evidence - Topic 2444 ].
Evidence - Topic 2444
Special modes of proof - Presumptions - Destruction of evidence - The British Columbia Court of Appeal held that in Canada the destruction of documents in an appropriate case carried a procedural as opposed to a substantive remedy - "Spoliation" or the destruction of documents was an evidentiary rule which raised a presumption that the evidence destroyed would have been unfavourable to the party who destroyed it, which presumption may be rebutted - The court held that the destruction of evidence did not give rise to a separate, independent and completed tort - The court opined that an action for damages was not an appropriate response to the destruction of documents - The court suggested other remedies which might be available to the aggrieved party - See paragraphs 20 to 33.
Cases Noticed:
Hunt v. T & N plc et al., [1990] 2 S.C.R. 959; 117 N.R. 321; 4 C.C.L.T.(2d) 1; 43 C.P.C.(2d) 105; 49 B.C.L.R.(2d) 273; 74 D.L.R.(4th) 321; [1990] 6 W.W.R. 385, refd to. [apra. 7].
Hunt v. Carey Canada Inc. - see Hunt v. T & N plc et al.
St. Louis v. R. (1895), 25 S.C.R. 649, reving. (1894), 4 Ex. C.R. 185, refd to. [para. 9].
Bott v. Wood (1878), 56 Miss. 136, refd to. [para. 14].
Lindsay v. Davidson (1911), 1 W.W.R. 125 (Sask. C.A. en banc), refd to. [para. 16].
Telenga v. Raymond European Car Services Ltd. (1991), 3 C.P.C.(3d) 79 (Ont. Gen. Div.), refd to. [para. 17].
Roe v. Warner Auto-Marine Inc. et al. (1996), 93 O.A.C. 145; 3 C.P.C.(4th) 110 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 19].
Werner v. Warner Auto-Marine Inc. et al. - see Roe v. Warner Auto-Marine Inc. et al.
Dawes v. Jajcaj (1995), 15 B.C.L.R.(2d) 240 (S.C.), refd to. [para. 32].
Dyk v. Protec Automobile Repairs, [1997] B.C.T.C. Uned. C09 (T.D.), refd to. [para. 32].
Farro v. Nutone Electrical Ltd. (1990), 40 O.A.C. 233; 72 O.R.(2d) 637 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 32].
Statutes Noticed:
Class Proceedings Act, S.B.C. 1985, c. 21, sect. 4(1)(a) [para. 6].
Rules of Court (B.C.), Supreme Court Rules, rule 19(24) [para. 6].
Counsel:
John R. Haig, Q.C., for the defendants\appellants, Attorney General of Canada and Her Majesty The Queen in right of Canada;
D. Clifton Prowse and K.L. Johnson, for the defendants\appellants, Ministry of Attorney General and Her Majesty The Queen in right of British Columbia;
J.J. Camp, Q.C., Sharon Matthews and Bruce Lemer, for the plaintiff/respondent.
These appeals were heard in Vancouver, British Columbia, on March 18, 1998, before Cumming, Goldie and Braidwood, JJ.A., of the British Columbia Court of Appeal.
The following judgment was delivered by Braidwood, J.A., on April 1, 1998.
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