R. v. K.D.D., 2014 SKCA 93

• Judge: Richards, C.J.S., Jackson and Whitmore, JJ.A.
• Court: Court of Appeal (Saskatchewan)
• Case Date: May 22, 2014
• Jurisdiction: Saskatchewan
• Citations: 2014 SKCA 93;(2014), 442 Sask.R. 209 (CA)

R. v. K.D.D. (2014), 442 Sask.R. 209 (CA);

    616 W.A.C. 209

MLB headnote and full text

Temp. Cite: [2014] Sask.R. TBEd. SE.037

K.D.D. (appellant) v. Her Majesty the Queen (respondent)

(CACR2264; 2014 SKCA 93)

Indexed As: R. v. K.D.D.

Saskatchewan Court of Appeal

Richards, C.J.S., Jackson and Whitmore, JJ.A.

September 12, 2014.

Summary:

The appellant was sentenced to nine years for an aggravated sexual assault, and one year consecutive for evading a peace officer, resulting in a total sentence of 10 years. He was given 18 months' credit for 15 months spent on remand. The appellant applied for leave to appeal the sentence on the basis that certain errors led the sentencing judge to impose a demonstrably unfit sentence. He also appealed the sentencing judge's calculation of remand credit in light of the Supreme Court of Canada's decisions in R. v. Summers and R. v. Carvery.

The Saskatchewan Court of Appeal granted the appellant leave to appeal and allowed the appeal from sentence in relation to the aggravated sexual assault conviction. The court fixed the sentence for that offence at six years. The consecutive sentence of one year for the charge of evading the police remained. The court also granted the appellant 23 months' remand credit.

Editor's Note: Certain names in the following case have been initialized or the case otherwise edited to prevent the disclosure of identities where required by law, publication ban, Maritime Law Book's editorial policy or otherwise.

Criminal Law - Topic 5846.5

Sentencing - Considerations on imposing sentence - Sentence precedents - Sentencing ranges - [See Criminal Law - Topic 5933.1 ].

Criminal Law - Topic 5848.2

Sentencing - Considerations on imposing sentence - Time already served - The appellant was sentenced to nine years for an aggravated sexual and one year consecutive for evading a peace officer - He was granted 18 months' credit for 15 months spent on remand - The sentencing judge indicated that he declined to give the appellant 1.5 months credit for each month on remand because he fled the jurisdiction and evaded police - On appeal, the Saskatchewan Court of Appeal granted the appellant 23 months' credit for the 15 months of remand time according to the principles stated in R. v. Summers (2014 SCC) and R. v. Carvery (2014 SCC) - At least in the circumstances of this case, leaving the jurisdiction and evading the police were not relevant circumstances when determining whether to give credit for pre-sentence custody - None of the statutory exceptions mentioned in s. 719(3.1) of the Criminal Code were engaged - The appellant had to receive credit for his remand time at the rate of 1.5 to 1 - See paragraphs 44 to 46.

Criminal Law - Topic 5865.2

Sentence - Failure to stop a motor vehicle pursued by police (flight or evading police) - [See Criminal Law - Topic 5933.1 ].

Criminal Law - Topic 5933.1

Sentence - Aggravated sexual assault - The appellant and his girlfriend (the complainant) engaged in consensual sex, which at some point became non-consensual - The appellant caused serious injury to the complainant requiring her to be hospitalized for one week, and to undergo at least two surgeries to repair her vagina - After assaulting the victim, the appellant fled to British Columbia - He was found about six weeks later - He initially managed to evade the police in his vehicle - Shortly thereafter, he crashed his vehicle and was apprehended - The appellant pled guilty to aggravated sexual assault and evading a peace officer - He was 23 and 24 years old when he committed the offences - He had a prior record of 22 offences, including one assault charge as a result of throwing a cell phone at a former partner and hitting her - The appellant was sentenced to nine years for aggravated sexual assault, and one year consecutive for evading a peace officer, resulting in a total sentence of 10 years - He was given 18 months' credit for 15 months spent on remand - The appellant appealed the sentence - The Saskatchewan Court of Appeal allowed the appeal - 10 years was a demonstrably unfit sentence - The sentencing judge committed two errors of principle - First, he erred by stating the range for aggravated sexual assault was eight to 11 years - Second, he gave no weight to the circumstances of the offender, erroneously equating him to the offenders in certain other cases - A sentence of 10 years gave no credit to the appellant for his guilty pleas and his efforts at rehabilitation - The court fixed the sentence for the aggravated sexual assault at six years - The consecutive sentence of one year for the charge of evading the police remained, for a total sentence of seven years - The court also granted the appellant 23 months' remand credit.

Cases Noticed:

R. v. Asapace (D.J.) (2011), 377 Sask.R. 210; 528 W.A.C. 210; 2011 SKCA 139, refd to. [para. 2].

R. v. Summers (S.) (2014), 456 N.R. 1; 316 O.A.C. 349; 308 C.C.C.(3d) 471; 2014 SCC 26, appld. [para. 3].

R. v. Carvery (L.A.) (2014), 456 N.R. 35; 343 N.S.R.(2d) 393; 1084 A.P.R. 393; 308 C.C.C.(3d) 375; 2014 SCC 27, appld. [para. 3].

R. v. Jack (C.M.) (1992), 15 B.C.A.C. 116; 27 W.A.C. 116 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 14].

R. v. Broekaert (D.D.) (2003), 170 Man.R.(2d) 229; 285 W.A.C. 229; 171 C.C.C.(3d) 97; 2003 MBCA 10, refd to. [para. 14].

R. v. C.A.M., [1996] 1 S.C.R. 500; 194 N.R. 321; 73 B.C.A.C. 81; 120 W.A.C. 81, refd to. [para. 18].

R. v. L.M., [2008] 2 S.C.R. 163; 374 N.R. 351; 2008 SCC 31, refd to. [para. 19].

R. v. Nasogaluak (L.M.), [2010] 1 S.C.R. 206; 398 N.R. 107; 474 A.R. 88; 479 W.A.C. 88; 2010 SCC 6, refd to. [para. 19].

R. v. Ipeelee (M.), [2012] 1 S.C.R. 433; 428 N.R. 1; 288 O.A.C. 224; 318 B.C.A.C. 1; 541 W.A.C. 1; 2012 SCC 13, refd to. [para. 20].

R. v. Peskey, 1989 CarswellMan 386 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 23].

R. v. Challis (1990), 95 N.S.R.(2d) 57; 251 A.P.R. 57 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 23].

R. v. Hachey (P.A.) (1998), 227 A.R. 211; 1998 ABPC 87, affd. (1999), 232 A.R. 150; 195 W.A.C. 150; 1999 ABCA 64, refd to. [para. 23].

R. v. F.K.P., 1985 SKCA (Sent.Dig.) 90, refd to. [para. 25].

R. v. Green (L.P.) (1998), 164 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 261; 507 A.P.R. 261 (Nfld. T.D.), refd to. [para. 26].

R. v. Sherrard (A.), [2012] Nunavut Cases Uned. 4; 2012 NUCJ 4, refd to. [para. 26].

R. v. Melo (1991), 44 O.A.C. 244 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 27].

R. v. E.M., 2007 QCCQ 12730, refd to. [para. 27].

R. v. Hera, 1993 CarswellOnt 2107 (Gen. Div.), varied [1995] O.J. No. 364 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 27].

R. v. G.D.D., [1998] O.A.C. Uned. 498 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 27].

R. v. Bird (S.D.) (1992), 105 Sask.R. 161; 32 W.A.C. 161 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 35].

R. v. Cappo (T.) (1993), 116 Sask.R. 15; 59 W.A.C. 15 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 35].

R. v. Kasokeo (J.R.) (2009), 324 Sask.R. 156; 451 W.A.C. 156; 2009 SKCA 48, refd to. [para. 35].

R. v. K.M. (2012), 399 Sask.R. 234; 552 W.A.C. 234; 2012 SKCA 95, refd to. [para. 35].

R. v. Whiting (S.C.) (2013), 423 Sask.R. 177; 588 W.A.C. 177; 2013 SKCA 101, refd to. [para. 35].

R. v. Cook (J.W.) (2009), 250 C.C.C.(3d) 248; 2009 QCCA 2423, leave to appeal refused (2010), 409 N.R. 390 (S.C.C.), refd to. [para. 38].

R. v. C.P.L. (2007), 247 B.C.A.C. 153; 409 W.A.C. 153; 2007 BCCA 501, refd to. [para. 38].

R. v. Lemay - see R. v. C.P.L.

R. v. J.B. (2004), 187 O.A.C. 307 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 38].

R. v. D.W.P. (1998), 108 B.C.A.C. 203; 176 W.A.C. 203; 126 C.C.C.(3d) 475 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 38].

R. v. Poslowsky - see R. v. D.W.P.

R. v. L.A.B., [1985] B.C.J. No. 2590 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 38].

R. v. W.B.S.; R. v. M.P. (1992), 127 A.R. 65; 20 W.A.C. 65; 73 C.C.C.(3d) 530 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 38].

R. v. J.J.L. (2007), 421 A.R. 84; 2007 ABPC 194, refd to. [para. 38].

R. v. Sidhu (G.S.) (2005), 213 B.C.A.C. 185; 352 W.A.C. 185; 2005 BCCA 308, refd to. [para. 38].

R. v. J.R.B., [1995] O.J. No. 3635 (C.J. Prov. Div.), refd to. [para. 38].

R. v. Parker (D.F.) (1996), 78 B.C.A.C. 1; 128 W.A.C. 1 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 38].

R. v. Hamilton (1991), 75 Man.R.(2d) 308; 6 W.A.C. 308 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 38].

R. v. Ogushing, [2005] Q.J. No. 131 (Crim. & Pen. Div.), refd to. [para. 38].

R. v. A.L.R. (2002), 216 Nfld. & P.E.I.R. 291; 647 A.P.R. 291 (N.L.T.D.), refd to. [para. 38].

R. v. DaPonte (A.E.), [2012] B.C.T.C. Uned. 52; 2012 BCSC 52, refd to. [para. 38].

R. v. Neganoban (D.), [2005] O.T.C. 362 (Sup. Ct.), refd to. [para. 38].

R. v. Schwartz (1991), 1 B.C.A.C. 192; 1 W.A.C. 192 (C.A.), leave to appeal refused (1991), 138 N.R. 419; 8 B.C.A.C. 320; 17 W.A.C. 320 (S.C.C.), refd to. [para. 38].

R. v. Humble, 1990 CarswellBC 1076 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 38].

R. v. McNamara, 1990 CarswellBC 1314 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 38].

R. v. Kraftchick (1991), 44 O.A.C. 313 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 38].

R. v. Henry (K.R.), 2000 BCPC 154, affd. (2002), 174 B.C.A.C. 238; 286 W.A.C. 238; 2002 BCCA 575, refd to. [para. 38].

R. v. Craig, [1992] O.J. No. 4092 (Gen. Div.), affd. [1996] O.J. No. 1504 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 38].

R. v. Deforge, [1986] B.C.J. No. 648 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 38].

R. v. Anderson (M.) (2012), 292 O.A.C. 365; 2012 ONCA 373, affing. [2011] O.T.C. Uned. 5551; 2011 ONSC 5551, refd to. [para. 38].

R. v. Patey (1992), 114 N.S.R.(2d) 434; 313 A.P.R. 434 (C.A.), refd to. [para. 38].

R. v. Osecap (D.) (2006), 289 Sask.R. 4; 382 W.A.C. 4; 2006 SKCA 69, refd to. [para. 38].

R. v. Houlder (S.), [2014] O.A.C. Uned. 355; 2014 ONCA 372, refd to. [para. 45].

R. v. Baron (C.M.), [2014] 7 W.W.R. 235; 306 Man.R.(2d) 83; 604 W.A.C. 83; 2014 MBCA 43, refd to. [para. 45].

Authors and Works Noticed:

Nadin-Davis, R. Paul, Canadian Sentencing Digest (2008), para. 97.2 [para. 27].

Ruby, Clayton C., Chan, Gerald J., and Hasan, Nader R., Sentencing (8th Ed. 2012), ss. 23.312 to 23.320 [para. 38, footnote 3].

Counsel:

Adam Fritzler, for the appellant;

W. Dean Sinclair, for the respondent.

This appeal was heard on May 22, 2014, before Richards, C.J.S., Jackson and Whitmore, JJ.A., of the Saskatchewan Court of Appeal. The following judgment of the Court of Appeal was delivered by Jackson, J.A., on September 12, 2014.