R. v. Macooh, (1993) 155 N.R. 44 (SCC)
| Judge | McLachlin and Iacobucci, JJ. |
| Court | Supreme Court (Canada) |
| Case Date | June 30, 1993 |
| Jurisdiction | Canada (Federal) |
| Citations | (1993), 155 N.R. 44 (SCC);46 WAC 321;EYB 1992-67806;1992 CanLII 71 (SCC);1993 CanLII 107 (SCC);22 CR (4th) 70;[1993] 2 SCR 802;138 NR 555;105 DLR (4th) 96;JE 93-1271;82 CCC (3d) 481;[1993] SCJ No 28 (QL);[1992] 2 SCR 554;[1992] RRA 673;48 QAC 241;JE 92-964;AZ-93111081;16 CRR (2d) 1;[1992] SCJ No 66 (QL);AZ-92111080;93 DLR (4th) 490 |
R. v. Macooh (1993), 155 N.R. 44 (SCC)
MLB headnote and full text
[French language version follows English language version]
[La version française vient à la suite de la version anglaise]
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Douglas John Macooh (appellant) v. Her Majesty The Queen (respondent)
(22747)
Indexed As: R. v. Macooh
Supreme Court of Canada
Lamer, C.J.C., La Forest,
L'Heureux-Dubé, Gonthier, Cory,
McLachlin and Iacobucci, JJ.
June 30, 1993.
Summary:
The accused was charged with failing to stop for a peace officer (Highway Traffic Act, s. 119), assaulting a peace officer with intent to resist lawful arrest, impaired driving and refusing a breathalyzer demand (Criminal Code).
The Alberta Provincial Court, in a judgment reported 114 A.R. 314, convicted the accused of failing to stop for a peace officer, but dismissed the remaining charges as the evidence supporting those charges was obtained in violation of ss. 7 and 9 of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. The Crown appealed.
The Alberta Court of Queen's Bench dismissed the appeal. The Crown appealed.
The Alberta Court of Appeal, in a judgment reported 117 A.R. 312; 2 W.A.C. 312, allowed the appeal, substituted convictions and remitted the matter for sentencing. The accused appealed.
The Supreme Court of Canada dismissed the appeal.
Civil Rights - Topic 1285
Security of the person - Unlawful arrest - On private property - A police officer in hot pursuit of a motor vehicle driver who refused to stop contrary to the Highway Traffic Act entered the accused's dwelling, uninvited and without a warrant, to effect an arrest - The trial judge ruled that the entry was unlawful, accordingly, the arrest was unlawful - The Supreme Court of Canada stated that the entry was authorized, accordingly, the arrest was lawful - The court stated that "even where there is no arrest warrant, there is in a case of hot pursuit a right to enter residential premises to make an arrest both for provincial offences and for indictable offences, provided the circumstances justify an arrest without warrant" - The court added that it "does not have to decide here on the existence of a general power to enter private premises in order to make an arrest without warrant for a provincial offence in situations that do not involve hot pursuit." - See paragraphs 12 to 34.
Civil Rights - Topic 1441
Security of the person - Right to privacy - General - [See Civil Rights - Topic 3603 ].
Civil Rights - Topic 3603
Detention and imprisonment - Detention - Arbitrary detention - What constitutes - Police observed the accused drive through a red light - They activated their lights to attempt to stop the accused - The accused continued, driving through two stop signs, then fled to an apartment - The police entered without warrant and arrested the accused - The Supreme Court of Canada stated that the accused's submission that he was arbitrarily detained (s. 8) or that his reasonable expectation of privacy (s. 7) was denied were without merit - See paragraphs 35 to 38.
Police - Topic 3073
Powers - Arrest - Arrest without warrant - Person in a dwelling - [See Civil Rights - Topic 1285 ].
Police - Topic 3073
Powers - Arrest - Arrest without warrant - Person in a dwelling - Hot pursuit - The Supreme Court of Canada stated that "a right of entry to make an arrest in hot pursuit exists at common law, both for indictable offences and for other types of offence." - The court generally agreed with the following definition of "hot pursuit": "the essence of fresh pursuit is that it must be continuous pursuit conducted with reasonable diligence, so that pursuit and capture along with the commission of the offence may be considered as forming part of a single transaction." - See paragraph 23.
Police - Topic 3108
Powers - Investigation - Power to enter private property - [See Civil Rights - Topic 1285 ].
Words and Phrases
Hot pursuit - The Supreme Court of Canada defined the words "hot pursuit" as they applied respecting police entering a private dwelling without warrant to arrest an accused they were in hot pursuit of - See paragraph 23.
Cases Noticed:
R. v. Landry, [1986] 1 S.C.R. 145; 65 N.R. 161; 14 O.A.C. 241, refd to. [para. 3].
Eccles v. Bourque et al., [1975] 2 S.C.R. 739; 3 N.R. 259, refd to. [para. 6].
Semayne's Case (1604), 5 Co. Rep. 91a; 77 E.R. 194, refd to. [para. 7].
Swales v. Cox, [1981] 1 All E.R. 1115 (Q.B.), refd to. [para. 13].
Miller v. Stewart, [1991] O.J. No. 2238 (Gen. Div.), refd to. [para. 22].
R. v. Wilson, [1990] 1 S.C.R. 1291; 108 N.R. 207; 107 A.R. 321, refd to. [para. 36].
R. v. Beare; R. v. Higgins, [1988] 2 S.C.R. 387; 88 N.R. 205; 71 Sask.R. 1; 45 C.C.C.(3d) 57; [1989] 1 W.W.R. 97; 66 C.R.(3d) 97, refd to. [para. 38].
Statutes Noticed:
Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, 1982, sect. 7, sect. 9 [para. 5].
Constitution Act, 1867, sect. 92(15) [para. 31].
Criminal Code, R.S.C. 1970, c. C-34, sect. 450(1)(a) [para. 9].
Criminal Code, R.S.C. 1985, c. C-46, sect. 495(1), sect. 495(2) [para. 5].
Highway Traffic Act, R.S.A. 1980, c. H-7, sect. 119, sect. 120(b) [para. 5].
Authors and Works Noticed:
Foster, W.F., and Joseph E. Magnet, The Law of Forcible Entry (1977), 15 Alta. L. Rev. 271, p. 279 [para. 28].
Halsbury's Laws of England (3rd Ed. 1955), vol. 10, p. 354 [paras. 12, 27].
Salhany, R.E., Canadian Criminal Procedure (5th Ed. 1989), p. 44 [para. 23].
Counsel:
R. Peter Newton, for the appellant;
Bart Rosborough, for the respondent.
Solicitors of Record:
Campbell & Company, Edmonton, Alberta, for the appellant;
Bart Rosborough, Edmonton, Alberta, for the respondent.
This appeal was heard on February 26, 1993, before Lamer, C.J.C., La Forest, L'Heureux-Dubé, Gonthier, Cory, McLachlin and Iacobucci, JJ., of the Supreme Court of Canada.
On June 30, 1993, Lamer, C.J.C., delivered the following judgment in both official languages for the Supreme Court of Canada.
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